444 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. 



CoviUea iridenUda, Tah sun up (Paiutes), creosote Avood. It is one of the common- 

 est industrial plants in southern California, Arizona, and southern Utah. The gum 

 is used by the Apaches for cement. It is also used to produce a greenish-yellow dye. 

 Owing to the odor emitted when heated, the plant is called creosote wood. 



Gymnogramma triangularis, Gold-back fern. Common on open brushy hillsides 

 throughout Mendocino County. As in the case of the five-fingered fern, this plant 

 grows much more thriftily near the coast. The stems are also used there in the mak- 

 ing of baskets. 



Juncus effusufi Linnaeus. The stalks of wire grass. Lolum, in Yuki; Cha-ba, by 

 the Potter Valley, Little Lake, and Yokaia Pomos; and Sito by the Wailaki, are 

 used in Mendocino County for making temporary baskets. With them also children 

 are initiated into the art of basket making, and rackets used in gathering pinole 

 seed as well as fish traps are Moven. 



Lonicera interrupta, Ilai wat (Yuki), honeysuckle. The Yukis employ the 

 flexible stems slightly for hoops in basket borders. 



Philadelphus gordonianus, Ka kuss (Wailaki); Slion a hi (Little Lakes); Hawn li 

 (Yukis), arrow wood. A species of syringa or jnock orange. The pithy stems are 

 valued on account of their lightness for the manufacture of baskets used by women 

 for carrying babies. 



Pimis sahiniana, Pol cum ol (Yuki) nut <ir digger {>ine. Used for Itasketry. The 

 more pliable wood from the root is the chief source of material used in making large 

 V-shaped baskets, which Little Lake Indians use for carrying acorns. The root is 

 warmed in hot, damp ashes, and strands are split off before cooling. They are brit- 

 tle when dry, but after being soaked in water they are easily manipulated in the 

 more simply woven baskets, which are made by passing the strands out and in 

 through tlie numerous vertical withes that make up the skeleton. They are not 

 sufficiently pliable, as sedge roots are, to be used like thread in wrapping round and 

 round a horizontal withe. 



Pseudotsuga mu'cronata. The smaller roots of the Douglas spruce, Nu, in Yuki lan- 

 guage, are used in fine Porno baskets. They are found in sections 8 to 10 feet long, 

 uniform in thickness, and about the diameter of a lead pencil (quoting Hudson). 



Pteridiuni aguiUnum, Bis (Calpella Pomo); Bebi (Little Lakes); Sulala (Con- 

 cows); Dos (Nomelakkis); Ma orda-git (Yokaias), the bracken fern. The hard 

 wood is easily split into flat bands, which are sometimes used by the coast Indians 

 for the black strands of their cheaper baskets. They are much less frequently used 

 for this ]uirpose by the Indians of Round Valley and Ukiah. Because susceptible 

 of a fine polish, they ai'e far weaker and more brittle than the saw-grass roots which 

 compose the weft of their choicest baskets. The black I'olor is imparted Ijy burying 

 in mud. 



Quercus loJiaia, Ky am (Yuki), white oak, acorn. The l)ark is used to a very 

 slight extent by the Concows to blacken strands of the redbud for use in l)asketry. 

 Eusty iron is added to the water extract of the bark to produce a black solution in 

 which the strands are allowed to remain for some time. 



Plms diversiloba. For dyeing the splints with which somo Pomo baskets are sewed. 

 Dr. Hudson is quoted as saying that an intense black is produced by applying to 

 them the fresh juice of i^oison oak in Pomo, Matuyaho; in Wailaki, Kots ta. The 

 slender stems are also worked into the foundation of coiled basketry. Phu>^ arornatica, 

 says Purdy, was formerly used by tribes eastward from Ukiah, as redbud is used by 

 Pomos. 



Salix argyropliylla. The white-leaved willow, Bam Kal 6, in Pomo; Kalalno, in 

 Yokaia, is considered the best for coarse baskets. It is common along Russian River, 

 in California. It is not found at Round Valley, so these Indians would carry back 

 small supplies of the slender stems when they returned from hop picking near Ukiah. 

 The roots are also highly valued in making certain baskets. 



