ABORIGINAL AMERICAN BASKETRY. 489 



hero considered, heino' a woinairs ciaft. The Atha})ascaM ()ccu})ies the 

 soutlierii portion of the Hasin, and the Puel)los nvo most of them in 

 iiortliern Arizona and New Mexico. 



SnOSIIOXEAN AND ITEULO BASKETRY 



By far the hiro-est ])art of the Interior Basin is Shoslionean. The 

 tribes also spread out far to the north in the drainage of the Snake 

 River; have pusjied themselves across the Rocky Mountains on the 

 southi^ast into the drainage of the Gulf of Mexico, and on the western 

 side ()ccu})ied a lai'ge part of southern California as was shown. The 

 basket-making tribes are the Shoshoni in Idaho; the Ute, with many 

 subdivisions, in C-olorado and Utah; the Paiute in western Nevada 

 and Califoinia adjoining. As ])efore intimated, ])oth exclusions and 

 inclusions of the term are undefined. 



This grtnit stock of Indians emj)loy 1)oth structures, the woven and 

 the coiled. The twined weave of all kinds is used in the conodial 

 basket hats, the baskets, jars and bottles, the roasting trays and wands. 

 The coiled and whipped structure is used in pitched water bottles, 

 trays, and l)owls. The liat is a conical basket made of s])lints, the 

 warp I'adiating from the apex, the woof splints being carried around 

 and twined in pairs, generally in diagonal weave. The woof is not so 

 thoroughly driven home as in softer and more pliant material, but 

 remains open so as to have the appearance of the osier weaving of the 

 East. Simple ornamentation is produced by using one or more rows 

 of red or black splints in elementary geometric patterns. 



Roasting trays are shaped like a scoop rimmed with a large twig. 

 The Wiirp is mad(^ of parallel twigs laid (dose together and held in 

 place by diagonal twining. The Shoshonean tribes place seeds of wild 

 plants in these trays with hot stones, and thus roast them. Some 

 specimens are much charred on the ui)per side. In the Ute country 

 could be seen Indian women gathering seeds in conical baskets. l)eat- 

 ing the heads with a spoon-shaped wand toward the basket held in the 

 left hand with its mouth just under the plants. These baskets are con- 

 structed in every respect like the conoidal hats and the fans are made 

 of twigs coarseh' woven on the same pattern. 



The water bottles of the Shoshonean tribes on the other hand l)elong 

 to the coiled and whipped structure. As before mentioned, this style 

 can be made coarse or tine, according to the uiaterial and the size of 

 the coil and the outer thread. If twigs not of uniform thickness are 

 carried around in the coil, the stitch will l)e hatchy and open; but if 

 one is larger than the other, or if yucca or other fiber replace the 

 upper and narrower sewing material be used, the texture will l)e 

 much tiner. These bottles differ in shape — one class has round ])ot- 

 toms, another long pointed bottoms; one has wide mouths, another 



