ABORIGINAL AMERICAN BASKETRY. 509 



increased to seven, and near the bottom, ]\y iho introduction of new 

 stems, ten warp elements are provided for. As in tiie modei-n l)asketrv, 

 in this ancient example the weft is soaked and woven in tiiat condition 

 and i)ressed home so ert'ectually that the warp is invisible. 



In Plate 220, tio-. 1, is shown a specimen of ancient matting- in twilled 

 weavino-. The work is done in split yuccii leaves, just as to-day, 

 and in certain places the tigure shows where the leaf was stripped 

 from the stalk. Kxaminino- the thousands of mats and soft ])askets 

 from the sam(> pueblo reveals the identical method of doing the 

 twilled work. t)ut in a yreat many of the modern examples regular 

 diaper patterns are introduced. In the same plate (tig. 3) is an ancient 

 example of coiled basketry, having foundation of three stems or rods. 

 Bv referring to the California l)asketry it will be seen that this foun- 

 dation is the same. This makes a very smooth surface, easily distin- 

 guishable from the rugose condition of Apache ])asket built on a 

 single rod." 



These specimens are Catalogue Nos. 157012, loTDl;"). 157018 in the 

 U. S. National Museum, and were procured at Chevlon, Arizona, l)y 

 Dr. J. Walter Fewkes. 



Plates 221, 222 illustrate the forms and uses of basketry in the 

 pueblos of northeastern Arizona before the coming of the whites. 

 The explorations of Dr. J. Walter Fewkes in Sikyatki and Awatobi, 

 and the Museum-Uates expedition in lOOl to examine two ruins on the 

 -letyto Wash, a few miles from Keams Canyon, ha\'e bi-ought to light 

 wicker, twilled, and coiled basketry. The wickerwork is precisely 

 identical with the little wicker trays or phupies made in the pueblo 

 of Oraibi and used in their religious ceremonies. The twilled work 

 is the matting of to-day, and the coiled resembles that of the Utes or 

 Pimas rather than the Apaches, having a foundation not of rods, Init 

 of line material. The uses of the basketry nuist ha\e been in all 

 respects as among the Hopis of our day. but Plate 223 shows the 

 connection of such material with the care of the dead (Catalogue No. 

 213074). The plate illustrates the fact that coarse wicker matting 

 was placed in the ])ottom of the grave; on this was laid a matting 

 of yucca liber, and on this was deposited the body. In the dressing 

 of the hair, then as now, a plaited cord of human hair was employed. 

 A description of its discovery appears in Dr. Walter Hough's paper, 

 Archeological Field Work in Northeastern Arizona, 



Judging from the artifacts secured by the Museum-Crates expedi- 

 tion, these pueblos belong to the type of Awatobi and Sityatki,,and, as 

 fai' as appearances go, may have been contemi)oraneous. Dr. Fewkes 

 regards Sityatki as one of the most ancient pueblos of the Hopi group. 

 It is well known that Awatobi was inhabited up to the year 1700, but 



a Smithsonian Report, 1896, pis. xxxu and xxxni, after Fewkes. 



