PREHISTORIC ART. 375 



Piette's classification here differs from de Mortillet's, he inclining' to 

 use the names of animals and of industries rather than of localities, 

 so instead of Solutreeu and Madelainien he calls them Equidian, Taran- 

 dian or Cervidian, and Hij)piquian. But so far as these epochs relate 

 to art he denominates the entire period as " Glyptique," and divides 

 them, beginniug with the earliest, according- to their respective strata 

 as found by him in the caverns, as follows: (1) Sculptures in the 

 round; (2) sculpture in bas-relief ; (3) engravings, champleve ai)d simple, 

 needles, harpoons of reindeer and deer horn. This closes his period 

 "Glyptique," and takes him into the epoch of transition at the close 

 of the Glacial period. In the latter part the ancient animals have 

 become extinct aud are replaced by the modern fauna. His next sub- 

 division, still in the Paleolithic period, he calls "Asylien," from the 

 Grotte Mas d'Azil, the peculiar art product of which was the colored 

 pebbles to be described in tlie paragTaph on painting. During this last 

 division of the period of transition the glaciers had disappeared, the cli- 

 mate had changed, and the reindeer and other cold-loving animals had 

 departed. The classification of Judge Piette subsequent to this, though 

 changed somewhat in form and name, is substantially the Keolithic or 

 polished-stone age, the age of bronze, and the first age of iron, as 

 now recognized by prehistoric arch.eologists. 



Judge Piette says that the remains of Equus predominate in the 

 lower strata in the caverns, while the remains of Cerinis predomi- 

 nate in the upper strata or those next above; and for this reason he 

 makes two principal divisions of his period Glyptique — Equidian and 

 Cervidian. He draws from these facts the conclusion that there was a 

 change in the food of man. During the earlier period he used more 

 horse meat, which accounts for the larger number of bones; while in 

 the later period he used a greater amount of deer meat, which accounts 

 for the greater number of the bones of reindeer, deer, etc. From these 

 circumstances and those growing out of them he speculates upon a 

 change of climate. Horses, it is said, would only live in a moderately 

 cold climate on plains producing grass and similar food. The reindeer, 

 on the other hand, prefer dry and cold food, as moss and lichens, and 

 they will thrive and increase in a climate where horses would perish. 

 Piette certifies to the fact that the replacing of the horse by the reindeer 

 is more complete in the caverns in the mountains than in those in the 

 valleys aud on the plains. One ])oint made by Judge Piette is that 

 much the largest number of sculptures in the round (which forms his 

 first division) were in ivory, while the greatest number of engravings 

 and other specimens of the Glyptique art were on horse bone and 

 reindeer horn. This, curiously enough, is the order in which the 

 animals furnishing the respective materials are agreed to have lived 

 in that country — first the elephant tribe, mammoth, etc., then the 

 horse, and lastly the reindeer. 



It is not intended by the author to follow in this i)aper Judge Piette's 



