508 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1896. 



Fig. 160 d. 

 GOLD TORQUE. 



Weight, 389 grams. 

 Eennes (Illeet-Vilaine), France. 



Musee Cluny. J^ ii.itural size. 



The manufacture :uul use of .uold oriiauieiits coutiiiued in these two 

 countries, Ireland and i^'rance, to a mu(;li later date. An inspection 



of the beautiful ob- 

 j e c t s of precious 

 metals in the mu- 

 seum at Dublin will 

 show the Celtic 

 work improving in 

 mechanical skill 

 and artisti(t design 

 until 1000 or 1200 

 A.D. Mr. Edmund 

 Johnson, an accom- 

 plished jeweler and 

 goldsmith in Dub- 

 lin, made a reason- 

 ably complete 

 series of reproduc- 

 tions of these ob- 

 jects which he dis- 

 played at the 

 World's Columbian 

 Exposition, Chi- 

 cago. In France the advent of the Romans changed the style of art 

 in precious metals. The golden patera of Eennes, with its fibula and 

 chain, belonging to the third cen- 

 tury A. D., were all high Eoman 

 art. It has been described by the 

 author,' 



AMERICA. 



The North American Indian does 

 not, during prehistoric times, ap- 

 pear to have worked or used gold 

 or silver for either ornament or 

 utility. There have been a few 

 pieces of silver found within the 

 district occupied by him, but all, 

 either from their association or 

 mode of manufacture, have sug- 

 gested European influence. The 

 pieces of gold found within this dis- 

 trict are much fewer in number and 

 are subject to the same leinark. 



Whatever criticism or denial may be made of the foregoing 

 ments in the interest of civilization or technology, yet it stands 

 cally true in its relation to art work. 



OOLD KIIACEI.ET, ONE UK A SERIES FROM 

 SMALL. 

 Ill Art(An-h:rolo(;.y), niil.lin 

 k, iKituv.al size. 



1 of Sc 



state- 

 l)rac-ti- 



i Report U. S. Natioiml >'ns.MiMi (or 1S94, pp. 609-617. 



