518 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1896. 



the first liead fall rattles, gongs, triangles, tani-tanis, castanets, tam- 

 bourines, cymbals, all instruments of percussion; under the second 

 head fall flageolets, flutes, hautboys, clarionets, bassoons, bugles, all 

 wind instruments; under the third head fall all stringed instruments. 

 He makes these typos representatives of three distinct stages of devel- 

 opment, through which, in the order named, he says, all prehistoric 

 music has passed. "As in the geologic history of the globe the chalk 

 is never found below the oolite, nor the oolite below the coal, so in the 

 musical history of mankind is the lyre stage never found to precede 

 the pipe stage, nor the pipe stage to precede the drum stage. In keep- 

 ing with this is the fact that the savages sometimes have the drums 

 alone, but never the pipe alone, or the lyre alone, for if they have the 

 pipe they have the drum too, and if they have the lyre they always 

 have both the pipe and drum." 



Pursuing this idea, Rowbotham ^ devotes many pages to descriptions 

 of " savages," who are in the respective stages of ninsical culture just 

 described, and he gives the author or book from which he has obtaine I 

 the information : 



Savnges with vo instrnmcQts : 



Veddahs of Ceylon : Teunent's History of Ceylon. 



Miucopies of the Andamans : Mouats Audamaii Islands. 



Inhabitants of Terra del Fuego : Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of 

 H. M. SS. Adventure and Beayle. II. 

 Savages with only the drum: 



Australians: Eyre's Discoveries in Central Australia, II, pp. 228, 2, 237, 32, 331; 

 Grey's Jouiual of Two Expeditions of Discoveiy in Northwest and West 

 Australia, II, p. 305. 



Eskimos: Parry's 2d Voyage, p. 530; Crantz, History of Greenland, I, p. 171. 



The Behring's nations generally: Wliyinpei-'s Alaska, p. 113, particularly the 

 Malemutes and Kaveaks. 



Samoyedes and other Siberian tribes: Richardson's Polar Regions, p. 335; 

 Smith's Wonders of Nature and Art, London, 1803, II, pp. 277, 264, etc. 



Laplanders — until within 200 years: Scheflfer's History of Lapland, p. 58. 

 Savages with jnj;es and drums: 



Polynesian Malays: For the Society Islands, see Captain Cook's Voyages, pub- 

 lished by John Tallis, I, p. 87. For the Navigator Isles, Turner, Nineteen 

 years in Polynesia, p. 211. For the Friendly Isles, Cook, I, p. 427, and in 

 the common edition, 1st Voyag*;, p. 397; see also Mariner's Tonga Islands, 

 II, pp. 214, 218. For the Marquesas, Melville's Life in the Marquesas, p. 185. 

 For the Sandwich Islands, where, however, the pipe is absent, C'ook, II, 

 p. 250. For the IMaories of New Zealand, who are the most advanced of all, 

 Captain Cook, I, p. 196, and generally Ellis's Polynesian Researches, p. 282. 



Papuans: Williams's Fiji and the Fijiaus, I, p. 163; Turner's Nineteen Years in 

 Polynesia, p. 90; .Tukes's Voyage of H. M. S. Fly (for the Erroob Papuans), 

 II, p. 176; (for the Papuans of New Guinea), I, p. 274, and jilate I, p. 277; 

 see Rosenberg's Niew-Guinea, p. 93. And for the Drum Form in the Papuan 

 Archipelago, Shouten's Voyag(^ in Purchas His Pilgrimes I, 2, 100. 



Upper Amazon : Bates's Amazons, II, p. 201 ; Wallace's Travels on the Amazon, 

 p. 504. 



Rio Negro: Wallace's Travels on the Amazon, p. 259. 



1 History of Music, I, Introduction, pp. xiii, xiv, xv. 



