PREHISTORIC ART. 521 



considerable thought and time and can never be made impromptu or for 

 an emergency. 



Wallaschek declares that, both for sin]])licity and. ease of manufac- 

 ture, the pipe and lyre are m advance of the drum, and that the dis- 

 coveries in antiquity and investigations in ethnograpliy show them 

 to have come earliest into use among both prehi.storic and primitive 

 ])eoples, and adds: 



I (Jill lind nothing but speculative reasons and common eonsent fortliodrnm being 

 regarded as tlie most ancient instrument. 



He continues {p. 87) his investigations among the various tribes and 

 nations of primitive and savage jieoples to demonstrate the error of 

 Ivowbotham's proposition and to show that the use of the pijte and 

 lyre — that is to say, of wind and stringed instruments, without the 

 drum — is quite as frequent and prevalent as is the contrary. 



The authors are aware of the mass of literature on the science and 

 practice of music, how historians and discoverers of primitive or savage 

 ]ieoples have reported, in many volumes, the music they have heard 

 and the instruments with which it was made. These have not been 

 followed nor any of their theories adopted. The sociologic or scientitic 

 sides of music among primitive or ancient peoples have been avoided. 

 The authors have contented themselves with a description of preliis- 

 toric instruments and of such notes or tones as could be produced by 

 tlieir manipulation. 



It was reserved for the white race to develop in times of antiquity 

 tlie true art of music as it is understood at the present time, but the 

 diherent nations composing this race have varied much in their notions 

 as to the solution of the problem. 



The Egyptians made music which, judging by the representations left 

 of their musical performances and instruments, had considerable extent 

 and variety. The exact nature of it can only be made out by ingenious 

 inferences, and historians are at issue about their significance. It seems 

 clear, however, that they acknowledged the octave, and that it was 

 largely subdivided. 



The music of the Chaldeans, Babylonians, and Phenicians may be 

 assumed to have been of a similar character, the octave being also 

 traced among them. Assyrian bas reliefs on monuments dating from 

 1000 B. C. represent musical instruments which must have been older, 

 and possibly many centuries older, than the monuments on which they 

 appear. Carl Engel ' shows the intervals of the huayra puhara- of the 

 ancient Peruvians. Instruments of this kind, of reed or stone, have 

 been found in ancient tombs. One in the British Museum has a double 

 row of reed pipes, of which one is open below and the other closed. 



The Hebrews attached great importance to their music, but there 

 appears no means of getting any definite information as to its tonalitv. 



1 Music of Most Ancient Nations, p. 7; Ibid., pp. 13, 15, No. 7, Music. 

 - See fig. 325. 



