PREHISTORIC ART. 549 



ancieut explorers, especially those from Spain, mention hawks' bells 

 as objects of trade with the aborigines : 



The only (similar) examples which I am able to adduce are those which luruied 

 part of the Dowris hoard (Ireland), one of which is represented in fig. 44(i. There 

 are three such in the Royal Irish Academy and four in the British Museum. AA'ith 

 the latter is a smaller plain bell of the same character and two unfinished castings. 

 Sir W. R. Wilde observes that in casting, the metal appears to have been poured into 

 the mold by an aperture at the side, through which the core of clay that contained 

 the metal clapper was broken up. The mold was in two halves and the rings and 

 staples at the ends were cast together. In the perfect examples at the British 

 Museum the sides of the holes by which the core was extracted have been hammered 

 together, so as in some cases to be almost closed. In one iiist.'ince there is some 

 apijearance of the sides having been brazed together. 



The sound emitted by these bells is dull and feeble. Like the modern horse bells, 

 a number of them may have been hung together, and not improbably employed in a 

 similar manner to attract the attention both of the eye and the ear. 



This bell was part of the " Dowris find," Kings County, Ireland (as was 

 the trumpet, fig. 181), described in Sir W. E. Wilde's catalogue,^ who 

 says that they were of great antiquity may be inferred from the char- 

 acter of the metal of which they are composed, as well as the circum- 

 stances under which they were found. They were believed to have 

 been the ecclesiastical bells used by the Druid priests, and as such have 

 been called " crotals," but there is not sufficient authority to state this 

 confidently. A number of these, and others more spherical, have been 

 found in Ireland. The globular ones are 1^ to 2f inches in diameter, 

 while the specimen represented in fig. 193 is Ci inches long, including 

 the ring", and 2fo inches in diameter. We shall later refer to speci- 

 mens of great similarity found in Mexico and Central and South Amer- 

 ica regarding which a priori theorists have jumped at the conclusion 

 that because of this similarity with modern and Old World forms they 

 were imported, or at least were white man's work. We shall also see 

 how Prof. W. H. Holmes, in his paper on " Ancient art of the Prov- 

 ince of Chiriqui,"^ denounces and upsets this theory. 



Trumpets, or war horns. — Fig. 194 represents one of the prehistoric 

 Gaulish trumpets, or war horns. It belongs to France. No complete 

 original of this has ever been found, but from fragments and from a 

 representation upon the Roman triumphal arch at Orange, arcluvolo- 

 gists have been able to reconstruct and reproduce it. On that arch a 

 Gaulish soldier is represented as sounding his trumpet, from which it 

 is supposed to have been a war trumpet. The other objects of bronze 

 and of gold found and identified as belonging to Gaul at and prior to 

 the Eoman conquest demonstrate the entire capability of these people 

 to make such instruments, while the discovery of the fragments and 

 partially destroyed pieces establishes aflirmatively the fact of their 



1 Page 618. 



* Sixth Auuual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, p. 51 et aeq. 



