PREHISTORIC ART. 557 



The instnimeiit is of tlie reed type, as is shown by the figure. The 

 slip of reed is cut from the mouthpiece against which it lies; the out- 

 side end is tied with a thread, and the inside end is left free for vibra- 

 tion. The reed is shaved thin near its fastened end to render it more 

 elastic. 



Specimen, Cat. No. 95198 (U.S.N.M.) is a trumpet from Muzmar el 

 Daraweesh, i^robably made from a rhinoceros horn. It is curved, is 

 lenticular in cross sections, and the bell mouth is bifurcated with 

 notched edges. It has three lugs formed on its outer curved edge, in 

 which are inserted four brass rings. The bore is sliglitly enlarged 

 at the smaller end to form a cupped mouthpiece. Length, 20 inches; 

 width, 1 to 5 inches; thickness, ^ to ^ inch. It is from Cairo. 



Africa. 



Fig. 3, plate 08,^ represents an African war trumpet made from the 

 horn of an antelope. The natural cavity of the horn forms the bore of 

 the instrument. The smaller end, however, has not been cut oft', but is 

 left pointed as in nature. About one-fourth the distance from the 

 Ijointed end a lateral opening has been made into the original cavity 

 which forms a mouthpiece, and through this the instrument is blown. 



Figs. <) to 12 in same plate represent war horns from different i^arts 

 of Africa. They are mostly ivory, and made of elephant's tusks or 

 rhinoceros horn. The natural cavity of the tusk forms the bore. In 

 some cases the horn has been left in its natural state with a lateral 

 mouth hole cut in the concave side as in the shringa. Others, how- 

 ever, are made by cutting off' the end and a direct mouth hole worked 

 out of the solid. The localities of these instruments are indicated in 

 the legends. 



Fig. 12, plate G8, represents an elephant tusk 4 feet 4 inches in 

 length on the convex side. It has been carved so as to reduce its size 

 considerably and made much more i)ointed than natural. At the 

 distance of 33 inches from the large end a lateral opening has been 

 made which forms a mouthpiece. This is elliptical and has been 

 enlarged so as to be cup shaped. From the mouthpiece to the large 

 extremity the natural cavity of the tusk forms the bore of the 

 instrument. 



Specimen, Cat. No. 95227 (U.S.N.M.) is a wooden horn (Nanga) from 

 Mayumba, Africa, collected by Mr. Carl Strechelman and received from 

 Mr. George C. Webster. It is carved from a solid block of soft light- 

 colored wood. The bore is made with a burning iron. The small end 

 has an enlarged cup-shaped mouthpiece. Its smallest diameter is 1 

 inch. It increases gradually to near the large end, where it expands 

 with a bell mouth to 4^ inches. It is 28 inches long. The entire 

 exterior has been originally blackened, apparently by fire, while a 

 section of 11 inches at the larger end is decorated by incised lines cut 



' Report U. S. Nat. Mus., 1892, plate xcvii. 



