PREHISTORIC ART. 



571 



eigiit double whistles or pipes, aud on Sau Clenieiite, 

 one, which is here represented as fig. 209. These 

 were made from the tibia of a deer, joined together 

 and held in position by having the lower ends in- 

 serted in a mass of asphaltiim and then wonnd with 

 bark, which in its tnrn was covered with asphaltum 

 and extending nearly the entire length of the in- 

 strument. At the distance of an inch and a quarter 

 from the open end were vent holes, one in each bone, 

 with a mass or bridge of asphaltum placed inside 

 in such positions and of such size as to leave but a 

 small space for air. The open ends of both instru- 

 ments were inserted in the mouth, and it was doubt- 

 less blown flageolet fashion. 



A bone fife or flageolet is represented by fig. 210, 

 which, being without mouthpiece, is simply a bone 

 cylinder as represented, with four finger holes, and 

 was made from the femur of a bird. Contrary to the 

 foregoing specimen (fig. 209), it is very white and 

 highly polished, with a uniform thickness. It was 

 obtained by Mr. Schumacher from a grave on Santa 

 Cruz Island. 



Fig. 211 represents an instrument made from the 

 ulna of the brown pelican. It is without mouth- 

 ])iece, but has four small finger holes. It is from 

 San Miguel Island, California, and was collected by 

 Mr. W. H. Dall. The ends are so much weathered 

 and broken that it is impossible to say of what the 

 whistling apparatus consisted. There are, however, 

 in the Ethnological Museum collection bone flageo- 

 lets from Costa Rica (see fig. 273), identical in 

 shape with the one just mentioned aud giving a 

 series of musical tones. In these the mouthpiece 

 is at the larger end, which is filled with gum or 

 asphaltum, leaving an air passage which connects 

 with a vent hole about 1;^ inches distant. It seems 

 probable that the California specimens were con- 

 structed in tlie same way, but they have become 

 fiagile by age and other causes, and in only one or 

 two instances can any tone be produced. 



The following list will give the additional instru- 

 ments in the United States National Museum, the 

 catalogue numbers, with the kind of instrument 

 and the locality where found, collected principally 

 by Messrs. Schumacher and Bowers: 



2^2 



2 5 



ml 





mim 



m 





