PREHISTORIC ART. 



581 



larger objects, the most plausible being that by the medicine man for 

 the pretended cure of disease. Their use for smoking or as whistles 

 or calls has also been suggested. By proper manipulation they will 

 emit a sound which can be heard for quite a distance, and it is possible 

 they were used for that purpose. This remark applies to the tubes 

 which have cylindrical holes drilled almost the entire length and then 

 finished with one of smaller diameter (Nos. 1 to 8, i)late 74), and also 

 to the class which have biconical holes, having been drilled from both 

 ends (Nos. 9 to 11, plate 74), and then scooped out with a tool so that 

 the hole conforms somewhat to the outline and is smallest in the center. 

 No. 12 shows one of this class broken before the enlarging j)rocess had 

 been begun. These objects, if musical instruments, were not whistles 

 but trumpets, for the sound can only be made by blowing in the same 

 manner as are instruments of that class. The materials are usually 

 soapstone, banded slate, and chlorite, although specimens of sandstone 

 are not wanting. 



Cylindrical tubes. 



Catalogue 

 nuiiibfr. 

 U.S.N.M. 



Locality. 



Material. 



6088 

 6812 

 12271 

 42674 

 10910 

 30034 

 30033 

 30035 

 62438 



Virginia 



Ohio 



Tennessee 



Mound, Rockingham County, Virginia 



Woodstock, Vermont 



Swanton, Vermont (cast) 



do 



do 



Dos Pueblos, California 



Indurated clay. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Originals, compact sand.stone. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Indurated clay. 



Tubes eneireled in the middle with raised ring and expanding toward the ,nds {hourglass). 



Catalogue 

 number. 



34835 

 27772 

 58531 

 170858 



Locality 



Scarboro, Anderson County, East Tennessee 



Mound, Grassy Cove, Tennessee 



Tioga County, New York 



Etowah Mound, Georgia 



Material. 



Chlorite. 

 Steatite. 



Do. ( ?) 



Do. 



It is not at all certain that these are musical instruments, or were 

 ever used as such, or if used it was other than sporadic or accidental. 

 They are figured among the musical instruments for several reasons: 

 (1) While the various uses have been suggested or surmised, no definite 

 use has ever been discovered, and if not musical instruments, they are 

 to be classed as unknown, or, as Dr. Rau says, enigmas ; (2) they can be 

 made to i)roduce a sound by being blown trumpet fashion; (3) they 

 have been claimed or classed as trumpets or horns for the making of 

 signals or calls, as the trumpet calls of an army or encampment. 



