CHESS AND PLAYING-CARDS. 823 



9. Long Lawrence.' Wooden die (fig. 141). Almondbury, England. 

 Reproduction from description given by Mrs. Gomme.^ This die is 



desc-ribed in Eastlier's Almondbury Glossary, quoted by Mrs. Gomnie, 

 under the name of lAnuj Lawrence, that is "Long Lawrence," as an 

 instrument marked with signs, a sort of teetotum. 



A "Long Lawienoe'" is about three inches h)ng, something like a short rnler v.-ith 

 eight sides; occasionally they have but four. On one side are ten X's or crosses, 

 forming a kind of latticework ; on tlie next 



to the left, three double cuts or strokes, /^^^^ ^ .^ ^ ^ ^ A^ 

 passing straight across in the direction of f^^'^i''-- — ■ 'L^^^ 



^ " ° ) © ' ^ •_■ ^ : © - © j //k 



the breadth; on the third a zig zag of three / .' "....: . .* _ .^........^--^--■.Jlluk 



strokes one way and two or three the other, f^^^^^^^^;^!'^- "i- --^^---^ -^^::^-7 



forming a W, with an additional stroke or ^^ii^.i ^.^--_^ii: L^^;;i^^_^^: ::^^__L; ^^ 



triple V; on the fourth, three single bars, _. '~~~ 



. . , T, . Fig. 142. 



one at each end and one in the middle, as in 



LOG. IVORY DIE. 



No. 2, where they are doubled ; then the four 



' , , . , T „,, Lengtb, 25 inches, 



devices are repeated in the same order. Ihe 



J. , , i /-,! • i United States, 



game, lormerlv popular at Christmas, can 



, . ,, " , „ ,, 1 Cat. No. 7134, Museum of Archa-ology, University of Pepn- 



be played by any number oi persons. Each svUania. 



has a bank of pins or other small matters. 



A pool is formed: then in turn each rolls the '• Long Lawrence." If No. 1 comes up 

 the player cries "tiush,"' and takes the pool; if No. 2, he puts down two pins; if No. 

 3, he says "lave all," and neither takes nor gives; if No. 4, he picks up one. The 

 sfdes are considered to bear the names "Flush," "Pnt doan two," "Lave all," "Sam 

 up one." It has been suggested that the name "Lawrence" may have arisen from 

 the marks scored on the instrument, not unlike the bars of a gridiron on which the 

 saint perished. 



The Korean die used in Tjyong-lcyeng-to suggests the i)robable origin 

 of this instrument. 



10. Log.-' Long ivory die, with eight fluted sides marked with spots 



from one to eight (fig. 142). England or United States. 

 Used by gamblers in the latter country. The specimen exhibited is 

 false, throwing high or low according to the direction in which it is 

 held when rolled. Similar to the preceding. 



11. Ramala Pasa. Dice for fortune-telling.^ India. 

 Reproductions of two varieties, both consisting of square wooden 



prisms,'' about 3 inches in length. One is a single die, marked on its 

 four long sides with numerals from one to four; the other, a set of three 

 dice, marked in the same manner with three, four, five, and six spots. 

 The custom of telling fortunes with dice is current throughout India, 

 where it is practiced as a science under the name of Ramala,^' and has 



' Cat. No. 175659, U.S.N.M. Gift of Stewart Culin. 



- The Traditional Games of England, Ireland, and Scotland, London, 1894, I, p. 326. 



■'* Cat. No. 7134, Mus. Arch., Univ. Penn. 



^ Cat. Nos. 9051, 9052, ISIus. Arch., Univ. Penn. 



° The originals are of red sandalwood. 



'' Derived from the Arabic rami (sand). Geomancy is known by the Arabs as 

 ilinu-l-ram1, or the science of sand. Upon this sand (for which paper is, however, 

 sometimes substituted^ they draw many uueciual lines, upon which are disposed a 

 certain number of points, from the combinations of which they pretend to foretell 



