CHESS AND PLAYING-CARDS. 



837 



in order that the dice tlirows might accord with the thirty-two points 

 that represent the Four Quarters and the intermediary divisions of the 

 world. They may be looked upon as having been implements of magic 

 for determining number and i)lace, corresi)onding with playing cards, 

 from which they only differ in material, as ]Mr. Wilkinson has suggested.' 

 In addition to the long wooden dominoes, small dominoes, made of 

 bamboo, or bone, or wood and bone conjoined like those of Korea, are 

 used in various parts of China. Sets in which the series is several 

 times duplicated also occur in China, as well as dominoes on which the 

 dots are replaced by the characters that stand for the chess pieces, and 

 the suit marks of certain Chinese playiug-cards.- 



^ m\ 1^ •^ ftS^ 





/s 



XX 



m 



Fig. 154. 



DOMINO CARDS. 



Length, 3J incliea. 

 China. 



From W. H. Wilkinson, Chinese Origin of Playing Cards, The American Anthropologist, Jannary, 1S95. 

 Cat. No. l>7, Museum of Archiuology, University of Pennsylvania. Willdnson collection. 



22. Tim CHI P'ai. "Dotted paper tablets." Domino playing cards.^ 

 Hankow, China. 

 Set of eighty-four cards, S-j inches by 1 inch, with rounded corners 

 and red backs, consisting of the twenty-one natural dominoes of the 

 Chinese series, quadrupled (flg. 154). 



'The writer Is inclined to belic-ve that in the assignment of the dice casts to the 

 thirty-two points, they were iirst practically applied to as many divining slips or 

 arrow lots, consisting of long, narrow strips of bamboo. Sncli objects occnr at the 

 present day in the sot-called ch'ni pWi, or "leaping tablets," of which a set from Fuh- 

 chau exists iu the Museum of the Long Island Historical Society. They con.sist of 

 thirty-two slips of bamboo, about 14 inches in length, with domino spots marked at 

 one end, contained iu a cylindrical bamboo box from which they are thrown, resem- 

 bling the Ts'im il (No. 69). 



2 For a detailed accountofChin6.se dominoes, consult Mr. Wilkinson's catalogue in 

 Official Catalogue of Exhibits, World's Columbian Exposition, Department :\I. An- 

 thropological Hnilding, Chicago, 1893. 



3Cat. No. 27, Mus. Arch., Univ. Penn. Wilkinson collection. 



