872 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1896. 



Ill each of tbese four sections a place is generally marked out at a 

 distance of four steps along the principal diagonal counted from the 

 outer angle. Each spot is therefore equally distant from the two 

 external sides of the section. These four points (fig, 173) are called 

 l-an, sun, Tciv^un, and ¥in. The latter terms are the names given to the 

 diagrams in the magic symbol of the universe, called the Pat hwd, or 

 "Eight Diagrams," which stand for the directions Northeast, South- 

 east, Southwest, and Northwest. Like the Nyout circuit, this game 

 board has a cosmical significance and represents the world. As if to 

 more fully embody and express the relation supposed to exist between 

 the seasons, the world quarters — all things in the universe even to the 

 tones of the voice that distinguish the meaning of words — as well as 

 the notes of the musical scale, two copper wires are strung within the 

 resonant chamber of the Korean board and emit a musical note when 

 a piece is played. In accordance with the theory I have advanced as 

 to the origin of games played upon boards without the intervention 

 of dice, we may expect to find intimations of their use in earlier stages 

 of this game. Such an earlier stage may be represented in the Malayan 

 game of Chnici (No. 55). 



55. Chuki. Board. 1 Johore, Malay Peninsula. (Fig. 174.) 



Chuki is a game played upon a board {papan chuki) in the form of a 

 small table, marked with squares, ten on a side. The four squares in 



• Cat. No. 16622, Mus. Arch., Univ. Penn. From the collection of His Highness the 

 late Sultan of Johore at the Columbian Exposition. 



The writer is indebted to the Hon. Dato Meldrum, of Johore, Straits Settlements, 

 for the rules of the game and a drawing of the board as set for a game reproduced 

 in fig. 175. Mr. Charles P. G. Scott has courteously furnished the writer with the 

 following references to the game in Malay and Javanese dictionaries. 

 Malay chuM: 



" Chnke, name of a game resembling draughts; v. Juki. Juki, name of a game 

 resembling draughts; v. Chnke." 1852, Crawford, Malay and Eng. Diet., pp. 39, 62. 



" Xiiki [= chuki'], sorte dejeu d'echecs. Pdpan xuki ainds hunh na permata, un 4chiquier 

 enordont les pieces ^taient faites de pierres precieuses (S[ejdrat] Mal[(lyu] [= Chroniques 

 malaises, imprimces a Sincapour] 109)." 1875, Favre, Diet, malais-fran^ais, 1:491. 



" Tjalci [= chaki'], soort van verkeerspel, met 2 dohbclsteenen en 52 steenfjes van twee 

 verschilleude kleuren aan iveerskanten , die meest van chineesch porcelein zijn [i. e. a sort of 

 backgammon, with two dice and fifty-two pieces of two dift'erent colors on opposite 

 sides, which are usually of Chinese porcelain] ." 1880, Von de Wall and Van der Tuuk, 

 Maleisch-Nederlandsch woordenboek, 2:46. 



" Tjoeki, damspel; papan tjoeki, dambord." 1893, Klinkert, Nieaw Maleisch-Neder- 

 landsch woordenboek, p. 277. 



Javanese chuki: 



" Tjoeki \_= chuki}, soort van damspel, met honderd twintig ruiten, zestig zioarte en zestig 

 ivitte stukken [i. e. a kind of checkers, with one hundred and twenty small squares, sixty 

 black and sixty white pieces]." 1835, Roorda van Eysinga, Algemeeu Javaansch en 

 Nederduitsch woordenboek, p. 622. 



" Chuki, Xlgoko] 7i[»ama] [i. e. langage vulgaire et langage cer^moniel] {une sorte 

 dejeu de dames)." 1875, Favre, Diet, jav.-franyais, p. 87. 



Mr. Scott says: "I have not searched for the word outside of the Malayan lan- 

 guages. If I were to express an opinion on the scanty records before nie, I should 



