EXHIBIT OF BIBLICAL ANTIQUITIES. 1011 



tioiis have not yet been decipliered, and the race affinity of the 

 Hittites and the i)lace of their language among linguistic families are 

 still disputed questions. Thus, J. Halevy' considers the originators of 

 these monuments as Semites; P. Jensen'^ would designate them as 

 Aryans (Cilicians), while the Italian, Cesare de Cara^ identifies them 

 with the Pelasgiaus, the ancient prehistoric inhabitants of the Grecian 

 countries. 



The pictorial representations of the Hittites, on the Egyptian as well 

 as on their own monuments, show that they were a short, stout race, 

 with yellow skin, receding foreheads, oblique eyes, black hair, and 

 chin, as a rule, beardless. They wore conical caps and boots with 

 upturned tips. These characteristics would seem to suggest that they 

 were neither of Semitic nor Aryan origin, but belonged to the Mongo- 

 lian or Turanian family, aiul this is as yet the more prevalent opinion.* 

 The following casts of Hittite sculptures were shown: 



Cast of a colossal statue of the god Hadad, inscribed in 

 the old Aranieaii dialect. {See plate 27.) The original of dolorite, 

 now preserved in the Koyal Museum of Berlin, was discovered bj- von 

 Luschau and Humann atGertchin, near Senjirli, which is about 70 miles 

 to the northeast of Antioch in northern Syria. The excavations in this 

 region were carried on by these scholars between 1888 and 1891 under 

 the auspices of the German Oriental committee constituted for that 

 purpose. The most important finds made during these excavations, 

 besides the statue of Hadad, were the stele of Esarhaddon, King- of 

 Asyria, 681-6(38 B. C, bearing an inscription in Assyrian cuneiform 

 writing, and a statue erected by Bar-Eekub to the memory of his father 

 Panammu, King of Samaal, the ancient Semitic name of the region of 

 Senjirli, inscribed, like the statue of Hadad, in the old Aramean dia- 

 lect. Both these Aramean inscriptions are cut in high relief, like the 

 hieroglyphic inscriptions on the Hittite monuments. The character of 

 the writing resembles that of theMoabite stone and the language bears 

 a closer resemblance to Hebrew than the Aramaic of the later period. 



The statue of Hadad was erected by Panammu, son of Kami, King of 

 Ja'di, in northern Syria, in the eighth century B. C., to the gods El, 

 Eeshef, Rakubel, Shemesh, and above all to Hadad. Hadad was the 

 name of the supreme Syrian deity, the Baal, or Sun god, whose worship 

 extended from Carchemish, the ancient Hittite capital in Syria, to Edom 

 and l^alestine. 



Many Edomite and Syrian kings bore the name of the deity as a 

 title.^ In Zachariah xii, 11, there is mentioned a place in the valley of 



1 Revne St'mitique for 1893 and 1894. 



- Zeitschrift der Deutscheu Morgenliindischen Gesellschaft XLVIII, ji. 235. 



^GliHethei-Pelasgi. 



^ Compare A. H. Sayce, The Hittites: the story of a forgotten Empire, London, 

 1888; Campbell, The Hittites, their inscriptions and their history, London, 1891; 

 W. Wright, Empire of the Hittites, 1881. 



^Compnre Genesis xxxvi, 35; II Samuel viii, 3; Hadadezer, etc. 



