50 ANNTTAl. REPORT SMXTHSONIA-N INSnTUTION, 194 



Mr. Stirling attended three anthropological conferences as a dele- 

 gate of the United States Government, these being the Twenty- 

 seventh Session, International Congress of Americanists, held at Mex- 

 ico City, August 5-15, 1939; the First Inter-American Congress on 

 Indian Life, at Patzcuaro, ^Michoacan, April 14r-24, 1940; and the 

 Eighth American Scientific Congress, in "Washington, May 10-21, 

 1940. 



Dr. J. R. Swanton, ethnologist, devoted the greater part of the 

 fiscal year to the assembling of material bearing on the ethnology 

 and early history of the Caddo Indians, former inhabitants of 

 northwestern Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, northeastern Texas, 

 and southeastern Oklahoma. Tliis now covers about 700 typewritten 

 pages including copies of original Spanish and French texts. He 

 rendered assistance to various local organizations in preparing for 

 the placing of markers along the trail followed by Hernando de 

 Soto and celebrations connected with them. Investigations were 

 undertaken for the United States Board on Geographical Names, 

 of wliich Dr. Swanton is a member. A bulletin by him entitled 

 "Linguistic Material From the Tribes of Southern Texas and North- 

 eastern Mexico" is now in page proof. 



Dr. Swanton was much gratified at the kind recognition tendered 

 by his anthropological associates this year on the completion of 

 40 years' service in the Bureau and the Institution in having dedi- 

 cated to him volume 100 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- 

 tions entitled "Essays in Historical Anthropology of North 

 America." 



At the beginning of the fiscal year. Dr. John P. Harrington, 

 ethnologist, was engaged in field studies at Anadarko and Apache, 

 Okla., on the Kiowa Apache Tribe, in reality a variety of Lipan 

 and not Apache Indians according to language, and possibly iden- 

 tical with the "Palomas" of early Spanish archives of New Mexico. 

 These peoples, which can well be termed "Lipanan" from the Lipan, 

 one of the tribes, have become extinct or have been shoved far 

 from their former ranges, with the sole exception of the Kiowa 

 Apache, which, because of alliance with the powerful Kiowa Tribe, 

 succeeded in remaining in the region although assimilating the 

 Kjowa culture. 



Returning to Washington, Dr. Harrington proceeded in the latter 

 part of July to "WindoAv Rock, Ariz., location of the administrative 

 headquarters of the Navaho Tribe. Just as the Kiowa Apache 

 show a subtype of western Plains culture submerged to that of 

 the Kiowa, so the Navaho show Great Basin culture w^ith a varnish 

 of many Pueblo features, and study proves that these Pueblo fea- 

 tures are in every case directly derived from some particular Pueblo 



