IROQUOIS — FENTON 409 



mented by many supplementary wrinkles constitute a local style 

 (pi. 2, fig. 2). 



2. The mask with straight lips, a type so named because "his mouth 

 is straight" (hodesado'gfMp ), has straight distended lips like a duck 

 bill across the whole face. This one, with its variants, together with 

 the two that follow, is frequently ornamented with a crest of spines 

 or "teeth" extending up the forehead from the nose bridge, but its 

 symbolism is not clear (pi. 3, fig. 1). 



3. The spoon-lipped or spoon-mouthed mask, with "double spoons 

 made on it" (odo'gwa'sQdg'), is the most easily recognized type. It 

 consists of conventionalized flared lips or puckered lips as in blowing 

 and a rudimentary tongue which projects beneath the pursed mouth 

 aperture (pi. 3, fig. 2). Spoon-lipped masks are rare among the 

 Iroquois of Grand River but are common at Newtown on Cattaraugus 

 Seneca Reservation, and they have been in use since the earliest 

 memory of my informants. The Newtown Senecas consider the 

 straight-lipped and the spoon-lipped masks, which they pair in the 

 doorkeeper ritual, to be classic Seneca representations of the great 

 supernatural world-rim dweller. However, the spoon lips take the 

 form of two funnels among the Seneca of Coldspring on Allegheny 

 River. 



4. The hanging-mouth mask is so named because "the comers of 

 his mouth are hanging" (hosf*' Mq'), not unlike the muse of tragedy 

 (pi. 4, figs. 1 and 2). This seems to be an old type among the 

 Senecas because it is present among collections made at the old 

 Buffalo Creek reserve, Onondaga Valley, and Tonawanda; and one 

 specimen is supposed to have been taken beyond the Niagara frontier 

 into Canada before the Revolution (pi. 4, fig. 1). One such speci- 

 men was collected in Oklahoma, but it was probably taken there from 

 Grand River, Ontario. These masks sometimes have a crest of spines 

 on the forehead, but it is not a constant feature. 



5. Masks with tongue protruding (dodanQhga'weh) as in pain were 

 collected by DeCost Smith at Onondaga and by Lewis Morgan and 

 David Boyle among the Onondaga of Grand River. It is relatively 

 uncommon among the Senecas and may be considered an Onondaga 

 type (pis. 5 and 6). 



6. Not all the masks are wry-faced. Some of them are smiling 

 (hoyondiha' — he is smiling). As one informant remarked, "Maybe 

 he saw a pretty girl and he is smiling." Smiling masks are fre- 

 quently beggar masks, representations of the Common Faces of the 

 forests. They are not confined to the Senecas of Coldspring, but the 

 smiling masks from the Onondaga of Grand River are apt to be 

 extremely heavy with thick, leering lips (pi. 7, fig. 2) , a heavy chin, 



