474 AinsruAL report Smithsonian institution, 1940 



It is very significant that both type A and type B have been found 

 at Stonehenge, showing an overlap of the two migrations there. 



The position, therefore, at Stonehenge seems to be that there cer- 

 tainly was a race of Megalithic Builders who brought stones from 

 Wales, but that, at about the same time, or rather later, there was 

 also an infiltration of Beaker Folk from the east or south coasts, or 

 from both. These last people are known to be a very vigorous race 

 which spread over the greater part of Europe. They already had a 

 knowledge of bronze. It seems most likely that the Megalithic and 

 Beaker people mingled together quite peacefully at Stonehenge, and 

 it would be quite possible that the special features in construction of 

 Stonehenge, which differ from those of Megalithic circles generally, 

 would be due to the fresh influence of the Beaker Folk working on 

 Megalithic tradition. 



THE BARROWS ROUND STONEHENGE 



It is impossible to visit Stonehenge without passing numbers of 

 burial mounds or Barrows, some singly, some in clusters. In the 

 immediate neighborhood of Stonehenge there are two Long Barrows 

 and about 300 Round ones. This can hardly be accidental; rather 

 would it appear that the Barrows reached their highest development 

 on Salisbury Plain and the Stonehenge region, and form a vast 

 necropolis about the circle. That there are few Long Barrows is 

 due to the fact that they were probably earlier than the circle. That 

 there are roughly 300 Round Barrows of all kinds, would justify the 

 assumption that the sanctity of the site made the spot specially 

 attractive for burial. 



THE LONG BARROWS 



This is the older form of burial mound, and may generally be 

 referred to the Neolithic period. They are usually found standing 

 alone, and very often on rising ground. They vary from 200 to 400 

 feet in length, 30 to 50 feet in breadth, and 3 to 12 feet in height. 

 The heaped-up earth and chalk of which they are composed was dug 

 from a trench on either side of the mound. The trench, however, did 

 not continue round the two ends of the Barrow. They lie usually, 

 but not always, east and west, and the eastern end is higher than the 

 western. The sepulchral deposit is generally in the higher end of 

 the Barrow. No metal objects have been found in these Barrows, 

 though delicately chipped leaf-shaped flint implements are almost 

 invariably met with, and occasionally very rough hand-made pottery 

 of early type. 



