CARNIVOROUS BUTTERFLIES — CLARK 475 



thin scale, very narrow at its socket, but increasing outwardly to 

 about the same width as the projection on which it lies. The pur- 

 pose of these scales is not very obvious, but possibly they may have 

 a tactile function. Within the peripheral fringe so formed there is 

 a row of thick elongated chitinous plates, the edges of which are 

 provided with somewhat irregular interlocking processes. Each 

 plate has a scale socket, but apparently does not bear either a scale 

 or a brush-like tuft. 



The spiracles have three slitlike openings, a long central one, 

 with others less than half as long above and below. Doctor Eltring- 

 ham says that most, if not all, of these have these openings, although 

 it is sometimes difficult to be sure of the presence of all three. 

 Protection is afforded by stiff pointed hairs, for the most part curv- 

 ing inward toward or over the spiracular orifices. Finally the hard 

 chitinous ridges of the dorsal groove are armed with very short 

 hooklike spines and there are a few spines or hairs on the under- 

 side of the mantle edge so arranged as to preclude entry if the 

 mantle were raised at any part. 



On turning the larva over its lepidopterous character becomes 

 more evident. The head, three pairs of true legs, and five pairs of 

 prolegs can now be seen. The true legs seem to become progres- 

 sively slightly larger from in front backwards, while the last pair 

 of prolegs are much smaller than the others. The prolegs are of 

 what Doctor Chapman has described as the " macro " type, having 

 hooks only on the inner margins of the feet. 



The head calls for special remark, owing to its modification in 

 adaptation to the habits of the species. It is elongated and some- 

 what conical in form, and when withdrawn there is around the base 

 a deeply invaginated fold of cuticle. There are six ocelli, four of 

 which are anterior and lie in a small semicircle, the remaining two 

 being rather more posteriorly placed. The antennae are placed 

 laterally just above the labrum; and beneath the latter, and in a 

 dorsal view concealed by it, are the mandibles. These have four 

 ridgelike teeth. The maxillae have two large lobes each with two 

 small points, and in the actual specimen lie close together forming 

 what looks like a pointed organ projecting from beneath the labrum, 

 when viewed from above. There are large maxillary palpi, and the 

 labrum is long and somewhat pointed and has on it a small papilla, 

 possibly a tactile organ. There is some evidence of a second and 

 smaller papilla. The mouth parts are exceedingly small and diffi- 

 cult to make out distinctly. 



The pupa is attached in a peculiar way to a leaf, its suckerlike 

 extremity being spread out and apparently cemented down. The 

 larval skin is not completely shed, but is split open on the exposure 

 of the pupa, afterwards remaining in this expanded condition. 



