CARNIVOROUS BUTTERFLIES — CLARK 



501 



second to seventh abdominal segments, and the tubercles and the 

 median carina are all tipped with brownish-yellow. The surface 

 of the body is rather coarsely and distantly punctate, with scattered, 

 pellucid, clubbed hairs arising in large measure from the center of 

 tlie pits, and but little longer than their Avidths. The spiracles 

 are testaceous. 



Mr. Scudder gives the following measurements : Length, 8.5 mm. ; 

 width at the middle of the thorax, 3.65 mm. ; at the widest part 

 of the abdomen, 4.75 mm.; of the tip of the abdomen, 2.5 mm.; 

 height of the thorax, 3.6 mm.; of the abdomen, 4.2 mm.; length 

 of hairs, 0.04 mm. 



As was first noticed by Miss Morton, the chrysalis of this butterfly 

 shows a most curious resemblance to a monkey's face (fig. 1). 



Figs. 1-5. — A pupa of the alder butterfly {Feniseea tarquinius) . 

 Fig. 1, viewed from above with the head (lower) end slightly 

 raised ; Fig. 2, viewed from above when lying flat ; Fig. 3, 

 lower surface ; Fig. 4, side view. Fig. 5, The alder butter- 

 ,» fly, natural size ; the colors are black and bright brownish 

 gold. Drawn by the author from a specimen hatched in Wash- 

 ington, but raised to the pupa stage in Newtonville, Mass. 



Duration, of the pupal stage. — The butterfly ordinarily emerges 

 in from 8 to 11 days after pupation, according to Mr. Scudder. Ed- 

 wards reared a caterpillar from the egg to the pupa in 10 days. 

 Allowing 3 days for the period between the laying of the egg and 

 its hatching, and 8 daj^s from the formation of tlie pupa to the 

 emergence of the adult, this would give a total length of develop- 

 ment from the egg to the adult butterflj- of 21 days, or 3 weeks, a 

 most extraordinarily short period. 



My experience with this butterfl3' has led me to believe that while 

 the duration of life from the egg to the pupa is always brief as de- 

 scribed, the length of the pupal life is very variable. 



On August 14, 1923, at Newtonville, Mass., about 50 caterpillars 

 pupated. On August 22, 12 adults emerged. A day or two after 

 the first 50 pupated all of the remainder pupated, about 50 more. 

 76041—26 33 



