42 THE EEPOKT OF THE No. 36 



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as a place of oviposition than the foliage. Two, three and even four eggs were 

 to be found upon apples here and there, though this would hardly he an average, 

 and more than three-fourths of the eggs found were upon the fruit. This is 

 the reverse of conditions recorded earlier by Messrs. Ball, 'Card, Pettit and 

 Sanderson. 



It will perhaps suffice to state in this connection that in the Hudson Valley, 

 where "side injury " is comparatively rare, temperature records show no such 

 prolonged periods after emergence of the moths begins where daily minimum 

 temperatures fall below 60° F. 



The '" side injury " phase of the codling moth problem has a very practical 

 bearing, since experiments conducted the past season show it to be extremely 

 difficult, if not impracticable, to reduce damage of this character to a negligible 

 quantity by one season's work. It happened that two of the experimental orchards 

 mentioned above were very badly infested and in one, although the spraying was 

 distinctly above the average, 25 to SQ per cent, of the fruit in certain plots 

 showed the familiar side blemish. This was due largely to the fact that the 

 injury was caused by newly hatched larvse attacking the poorly, necessarily so, 

 protected surface of the rapidly growing apple. These eggs, it is evident, were 

 deposited by moths developing from hibernating larvaB, consequently this serious 

 '' side injury " was the logical development in a badly infested orchard when climatic 

 conditions compel a late deposition of eggs, many of which may be placed on the 

 fruit. This danger, in our estimation, is ample justification for urging thorough 

 and annual sprayings of bearing orchards whether the trees happen to be fruiting 

 or not. There are in most orchards, even if there is no crop, enough scattering 

 apples to carry to maturity a number of codling moths, ignoring, if you please, 

 the fact that Headlee and Jackson observed larvae which developed to full size 

 in water sprouts. 



It is noteworthy in this connection that the experimental orchard of last 

 season, not badly affected by " side injury," was sprayed annually and presumably 

 thoroughly, even when not in fruit. The same was true of some other orchards 

 where there was very little codling moth injury. That this comparative immunity 

 could not be attributed entirely to accident was evidenced by the fact that just 

 across a roadway from the orchard showing almost no injury, trees were found with 

 75 per cent, of the apples on the ground wormy. 



The President: This paper of Dr. Felt's is of great interest to those who 

 are engaged in fruit insect investigations, particularly insects affecting the apple. 

 The Codling Moth damage, of course, is usually internal and quite serious, but 

 on the other hand it is a kind of damage which, even if slight, may produce a 

 blemish on the outside of the apple, which is very serious from the fruit grower's 

 point of view, in view of the fact that it degrades his fruit. You may have a very 

 fine apple, which ordinarily would rank as ISTo. 1, but through some blemish pro- 

 duced in this way by the Codling Moth it is degraded to No. 3. This proves to be 

 very serious in the case of. the large fruit grower. In Nova Scotia, Mr. Sanders 

 is making a study of a somewhat similar injury caused by the Budmoth, which 

 also reduces the quality of the apple by a blemish of much the same nature as 

 the one caused by the Codling Moth. I think it might be well to mention here 

 that in his investigations Mr. Sanders found that there was injury being caused 

 by another insect imported frOm Europe, and he sent me the other day a photo- 

 graph of the injury caused by this insect, the Lesser Budmoth, Recurvaria nanella. 

 As a number of men here have been working on insects affecting apples and fruit 

 generally I have no doubt that they will have something to say in regard to Dr. 

 Felt's paper. 



