1916 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 87 



stickiness and power to glue the nymphs to the leaves and twigs. For this purpose 

 Sunlight Soap was found the most satisfactory of any soap tested. 



It should be mentioned that owing to the large number of rolled leaves due to 

 the work of the three species of Leaf-rollers that were very abundant in this 

 orchard, it was found impossible to get good results from spraying large apple 

 trees because there was always a large proportion of the Capsid nymphs hidden in 

 these rolled leaves where no spray could reach them. Consequently all experi- 

 ments were performed on trees 4 to 5 years of age. Any rolled leaves on these 

 were first removed, then large numbers of nymphs were placed on the trees and 

 given plenty of time to settle down before the spraying was done. 



We found also that the time of hatching of the eggs of this Capsid compared 

 with those of the Eed-bugs and of the False Tarnished Plant-bug was as mentioned 

 above, so much later that the spraying just after the blossoms fell, recommended 

 for them, would be useless for this pest, because only a very few eggs would be 

 hatched at this date. 



Suggestions fob Contkol. 



1. Practise a system of clean cultivation of the orchard, keeping down all 

 weeds until the end of June or as late as safe for the trees in that district. This 

 will destroy large numbers of the nymphs which drop to the ground and which, 

 unlike some species of Capsids, have no instinct to lead them back to the trunk and 

 so must perish if there are no weeds to feed upon. 



2. Watch the trees closely from the time the blossoms fall to see when the 

 nymphs hatch and are abundant enough to justify spraying. Then apply with 

 great thoroughness both to the upper and lower side of the foliage either (a) 2 

 lbs. of Sunlight Soap to 40 gals, of water containing Black-Leaf -40 at the strength 

 'of 1 part to 800i of water, or (&) 3 to 4 lbs. of Sunlight Soap to 40 gals, of water, 

 preferably rain water if available. Dissolve the soap first by slicing and boiling 

 in soft water. 



In exceptional cases it may be necessary to repeat the spraying in a couple of 

 weeks. 



It is of course well to test the mixture on a few trees and observe results before 

 spraying the whole orchard. 



The President: These two papers should provide a very interesting dis- 

 cussion as I know there are a number of workers iiere who are particularly inter- 

 ested in the injuries caused by these insects. 



Prof. Brittain : In regard to Mr. Crawford's statement that he was able to 

 destroy 96 per cent, of the insects with Black-Leaf -40 and soap, I may say that 

 our results were about the same. Unfortunately, the insects were so numerous 

 that the remaining 4 per cent, left many thousands to infest the trees and ruin the 

 crop. 



Mr. Treiierne: The subject of Capsids affecting apples is a yery important 

 question in British Columbia. Blossoms in orchards, miles in extent, have been 

 destroyed by Capsids and I am interested in the two papers that have been read. 



Prof. Caesar: Do you remember by what species? 



Mr. Treherne: As far as I know it was L. pratensis, but we have not given 

 the matter much attention as yet. 



PiJOF. Brittain: I am well acquainted with the injury referred to by Mr. 

 Treherne. During my stay in British Columbia a good deal of this Capsid injury 

 came under my notice and considerable material was'sent in to the office. I looked 



