134 



THE EEPOET OF THE 



No. 36 



The Galls: The galls vary in length from 

 apparently depending on the strength of the twig 

 ditions may prevail : 



(a) The whole twig may be completely galled. 



(6) The twig may be galled on one side only, 

 of the stem. 



(c) Earely, the upper part of the twig may be 

 part only half way round. 



In Stanley Park the first condition was by far 

 be said, that even in cases where the twig was not 

 destruction through weakness was, in nea:rly every 



3/2 iiich to 3 inches, the size 

 attacked. The. following con- 



causing twisting and bending 



galled all round, and the lower 



the most common, but it may 

 completely galled, its ultimate 

 case, assured. The number of 





A Sitka spruce killed by chermes galls. 



chambers varies from 40 to 200, the number of young in each chamber varying 

 from 1 to 15, with an average of 5. The young are seen to be covered with a waxy 

 coat, which, as Professor Gillette indicates, provides them with a very efficient 

 protection against the superabundance of liquid excretion which they exude. If 

 galls, which are nearly mature, be opened, cast skins of the young may be found 

 filled with this liquid. These very remarkable objects are also mentioned by 

 Professor Gillette in this connection. A few days before the galls begin to open 

 the young inside change to pupiie, the rudiments of wings being readily seen. The 

 earliest date recorded for the opening of the galls in Stanley Park during the 

 summer of 1915, was June 25th. This is the earliest record for this locality so 



