1916 



ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



165 



majority of the larva? had hatched and entered the opening leaflets of the infoteil 

 Spy trees and were feeding on the interior. The larva? had apparently begun to 

 hatch, as stated by various writers on the subject, soon after the buds began to 

 burst. By May 3rd, the leaflets were about one inch long but the blossoms were 

 not yet ready to burst. Leaflets containing a larva inside were prevented by the 

 silken threads from opening for some time. Later-hatching larvae rolled the ex- 

 panded leaves up, either the whole leaf being folded or only a portion of one side. 

 When the fruit buds were ready to burst these were in many cases preferred to 

 the leaves and the larvte bored into them and fed upon the stamens, pistils or 

 ovaries, thus destroying the promise of fruit. Sometimes, as the cluster of blossom 

 'buds opened, a silken web was spun around these and perhaps an adjoining leaf 

 or two, and the larva? fed on the parts inside the web. Under these circumstances 

 the blossom stems were often cut off. When that was not done, the blossoms 

 themselves were usually unable to open properly because of the web. When the 

 fruit began to form many of the caterpillars deserted the leaves for this and ate 

 large or small areas in it. Sometimes the areas were only shallow, but some- 



Adults of (a) Archips agryrospila; (&) A. semiferana; (c) A. rosaceana. 



(All natural size.) ^ 



times they extended right through to the core. In the case of plums they 

 often reached right into the pit. Almost all apples with very deep injuries 

 dropped soon. The others, if they remained on the tree, were always more or 

 less deformed and as a rule rendered culls. A callous growth with russet surface 

 soon formed over the injured area and protected it from the air and rain. Feeding 

 on small apples was usually done under some kind of protection, such as a leaf 

 fastened by the larva to the apple or a little web spun over the hole made. When 

 the larva? fed upon the large expanded leaves they nearly always chose those last 

 formed and therefore most succulent. These they rolled either upwards or down- 

 wards, about 6B per cent, being rolled up so that the upper surface was the 

 enclosed one. the remainder being rolled the opposite way. Migration from older 

 leaves to younger seemed to be quite common and helped to explain the difficulty 

 of killing the larviB by arsenicals. The larvae, when in the large rolled leaves, 

 fed either by ea-ting holes through the leaves or by devouring the apical or basal 

 ■|X)rtions. leaving the rest intact. "When disturbed they readily dropped down by 

 a single thread and usually crawled back to the loaf when all was quiet. 



