1916 ENTOMOLOOICAL SOCIETY. 175 



Scalecide will not kill the eggs unless they are thoroughly wet and i io 5 gallons 

 per tree was not more than half enough to wet all the twigs on these large 40- 

 y ear-old Spy trees. It only allowed for a fine mist. Both he and I were afraid 

 to risk heavy spraying with a miscible oil without further experience with it. 

 I also observed that on large Spy trees with their tendency for upright twigs and 

 branches the same care would be necessary to do thorough work as if one were 

 spraying for San Jose Scale, otherwise numerous twigs at the farther side of a 

 tree would have only one si^e of their bark wet because of the failure of the spiav 

 to reach through that far. Most reported experiments with miscible oils have 

 been done on trees 1,? to 14 years of age, but these are vastly easier to spray 

 thoroughly than trees twice or three times their size. A strong wind would help 

 greatly in this spraying. Also well pruned trees would be a great boon. Mr. 

 Johnson's, however, were very well pruned. 



Scalecide and another as yet unnamed miscible oil, and also Caustic Soda 

 solution, were tested this August on egg masses, and though used very strong, have 

 had no effect upon the gggs of either argyrosphila or semiferana, so that fall 

 spraying appears to be useless, 



Eecommendations. 



From the experience gained this year, we feel like recommending the follow- 

 ing methods of control: 



1. Prune trees well, thinning out the excessive branches and twigs and 

 lowering the trees where possible. This is to make spraying easier, cheaper and 

 more effective. 



2. Spray very thoroughly with Scalecide or some other good miscible oil, just 

 as the leaf-buds are almost ready to burst but so as to finish before they have 

 done so. Take care to wet well the top and both sides of all the twigs. There 

 are scarcely any eggs on the underside of twigs or on any large branch at least 

 in Ontario. 



3. Use 3 to 4 lbs. arsenate of lead to 40 gals, of dilute lime-sulphur or 

 Bordeaux mixture in the application just before the blossoms burst, and drench 

 the foliage, covering even the underside of the leaves. 



4. Spray again heavily for Codling Moth with 3 instead of 2 lbs. arsenate 

 of lead. 



Note. — If Scalecide or other good miscible oil is considered too expensive or can- 

 not be secured, add Black-Leaf-40 or some equally strong tobacco extract to the spray 

 before the blossoms burst, using a little stronger than for Aphids, and using lime- 

 sulphur, not Bordeaux, with It. 



5. If the fruit grower has many chickens and can establish these in the 

 orchard, they will destroy great numbers of larvae and pupae whether the orchard 

 is cultivated or not. 



6. Cultivation up to as late as safe for the district, with moderately deep 

 discing the last time, should help to destroy many larva? and pupae that reach 

 the ground or that are feeding on the weeds that may spring up from time to 

 time. Adults from pupae buried 2 inches deep by Mr. Crawford were found by 

 him to be unable to emerge. 



Mr. Winn: I am sure you have all enjoyed Professor Caesar's paper. 



Prof. Caesar: As to dust sprays for Leaf-rollers. I should say that there 

 is some reason to believe that the dust spray would enter better into the places 

 where these little larvae are concealed than the liquid spray. 



