82 THE REPOET OF THE N^o. 36 



refers to it in the Caiuhdian Entomolog'mt, 1868, p, 44:, as "a common insect and 

 likely to become only too familiar to apple growers." The same year, an account 

 of the insect was given in the Amej-lcmi Entomologist, Nov., p. 59, by Walsh and 

 Kiley, and they recorded it as " so numerous at Franklin, N.Y., that almost every 

 apple tree contains half a dozen nests." In 1870, Hartwell (' Am. Ent. and' 

 Bot.,' 5, No. 2, p. 336) reported it as ' unpreccdently numerous' at Wilkin'son- 

 ville, Mass., and Bethune' recorded its great abundance in Ontario, that year 

 and the year following. In the Carmdicm E^jitomologist, Aug., 1871, Saunders 

 refers to it as " a serious pest just now affecting the apple trees. It has found 

 its way into Ontario from the Eastern States within a few years past and is 

 rapidly spreading." The following year, Bethune gave a popular a^ccount of it 

 in the same publication (' Can. Ent.,' 1872, p. 11:1-143) and- stated that it was 

 extremely abundant and destructive throughout Ontario and the neighboring 

 northern and central States. Saunders' refers to the destruction wrought by 

 the larvae in 1873', but no further accounts of their ravages were published for 

 some time, so this was probably the end of the outbreak. 



Seven years later, Kiley (' Am. Ent. and Bot.,' Vol. 3, pp. 22-23) published 

 an account of the widespread destruction of black ash by this species in New 

 York; and the following year, he notes ('Am. Nat.,' 15, pp. 747-748) the 

 beginning of an outbreak in Washington, D.C. Claypole^ reported its presence 

 on walnuts in Pennsylvania in 1882, and Saunders^ (Ontario) in 1884, said 

 the caterpillars had been found in great abundance on all kinds of trees. In the 

 Canadian Entomologist, 1886, p. 23, Jack records their abundance in Quebec 

 during the past three or four years ; and the following year Harrington says 

 ('Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont.,' p. 2>9) they were "very abundant and obnoxious 

 throughout Canada." Riley also records the larvae as exceptionally prevalent in 

 the Atlantic States in 1886, when they became such a nuisance in the City of 

 Washington that thousands of dollars were spent in their eradication. He later 

 records in ' Bull. 10, U. S. Div. of Ent.,' that they were scarce the following 

 year, which indicates that the outbreak came to an end about 1887. 



It was not long, however, until the insect was again on the increase, for 

 in 1890 it was recorded by Bethune* as exceedingly abundant in all parts of 

 Ontario; a.nd by Harvey^ as very injurious in Cumberland County, Maine. Ihe 

 following year, Bethune (' Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont.,' 1891, p. 14) said it was 

 even more abundant than ever in Ontario, and in Gurden and Forest, 1891, 

 pp. 291-292, Robbins, in a popular account of the insect given under the title 

 " A Struggle with the Webworm," refers to its extreme abundance in New York 

 State. In 1892, it was referred to several times by Bethune and Fletcher, as 

 one of the most serious pests of our orchard and shade trees and rapidly increasing 

 in numbers. The following year, Harrington^ reported it as very abundant in 

 Ontario and the Maritime Provinces and " as one of our most noticeable pests." 

 Fernald (^ Bull. 20, Mass. Agr. Exp. Stn.,' 1893, pp. 10-12) stated that it was 

 very abundant throughout Massachusetts. Smith' states that the insect was 



'1870. Bethune, C. J. S., First Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 20. 



'1873. Saunders, Wm., Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 13. 



=1883. Claypole. E. W., Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont. 



n884. Saunders, Wm., Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 12. 



*1890. Bethune, C. J. S., Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 7. 



=1890. Harvey, F. L., Ann. Rep. Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



n893. Harrington, W. H., Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 27. 



n895. Smith, .1. B., Ann. Rep. New Jersey, Exp. Stn., p. 386, 458-460. 



