1917 ■ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 135 



to 50 gallons of lime-sulphur solution. On May 13th just before tiie blossoms 

 opened 13 Baldwin trees in this orchard were sprayed again with arsenate of lead, 

 2 pounds to 50 gallons of lime-sulphur and 200 gallons of the mixture were put on 

 the 13 trees. Later, after the petals had fallen, the regular codling moth spray 

 was given to these trees thus making three thorough poison sprays. We were 

 much disappointed to find that the number of larvte was not visibly lessened by these 

 applications. 



In the spring of 1912 we projected and carried out an extensive series of ex- 

 periments in the control of this pest. Mixtures of paste arsenate of lead, arsenite 

 of zinc, black-leaf-40 and soap, .and powdered arsenate of lead in different com- 

 binations and proportions were tried on various blocks of badly infested trees, 

 principally Greenings. In all, over seventeen combinations of materials were 

 tried on difEerent groups of trees in the orchard. Most of the applications were 

 made before the cluster of flower buds had separated. At this time, however, a 

 large part of the eggs had hatched and many larv* had already worked their way 

 down among the cluster buds and were feeding on the ^uds and bud stems. 



The results of the whole series of experiments were really very disc's)uraging 

 so far as prevention of injury to the fruit was concerned. There was so little 

 difference between the sprayed and unsprayed portions that it did not seem worth 

 while to make a count of the fruit. The orchard produced only aliout two hundred 

 and fifty barrels of apples out of a normal eight hundred barrels, and these were 

 mostly in the tops of the trees and in portions of the orchard not so badly in- 

 fested. In this connection the work of one of the l)etter and more intelligent 

 fruit growers in New York is of interest. 



The large orchards of this fruit grower were sprayed five times and sprayed 

 thoroughly and intelligently. The orchards were sprayed first, in the dormant 

 condition, just before the buds burst, with lime-sulphur, 1 gallon to 61^ gallon? 

 of water with 1 pint of black-Icaf-40 to every 100 gallons for the aphis. The 

 second spraying was made just before the blossoms opened with lime-sulphur 1 to 

 50 and 3 pounds of arsenate of lead. The third application was made just as the 

 petals had fallen and consisted of lime-sulphur 1 to 50, arsenate of lead 3 pounds 

 and black-leaf-lO, % pint to 100 gallons. A fourth s])raying was made about 

 ten days to two weeks after the third with lime-sulphur I to 50 and 3 pounds of 

 arsenate of lead. At about this time the owners became much worried over the 

 roller and sprayed a fiftli time with arsenate of lead alone, 4 pounds to 50 gallons. 

 In spite of this extraordinary amount of careful and thorough spraying the trees 

 and cover crop under the trees were alive with laiva' and 40 per cent, of the crop 

 was ruined. 



During the season of 1914 careful experimenis were conducted again with the 

 poison sprays in western New Y^ork but with nidiiferent results. To sum up, 

 thorough spraying with arsenate of lead in heavy proportions has not proved 

 effective in cases of severe infestation either in New York or in the western States. 



In 1014 the writer and '},\v. R. W. Leiby carried out an extensive series of 

 experiments in the field at Hilton, New York. The writer had determined by 

 laboratory experiments made in 1912 'that the miscible oils were very effective in 

 destroying the eggs. In 1913 some limited orchard experiments demonstrated the 

 effectiveness of these oils under field conditions and in 1914 we determined to try 

 them on a much larger scale. In these experiments we used Scalecide, Orchard 

 Brand, and Target Brand miscible oils. Suffice it to say. without going into 

 details, that the miscible oils. gave very gratifying results. We were able to 

 destroy from 74 to 92 per cent, of the eggs and we believe that these oils furnish 



