2 KEY TO THE FAMILIES 



Gynoecium of distinct carpels; stigma oisK-uKe or cup-iute. 



7. Zantchelliaceae 21 



Gynoecium of united carpels; stigmas 2-4, slender. 



8. Najadaceae 26 



Flowers in the axils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricate bracts (glumes). 

 Leaves 2-ranked. their sheaths with their margins not united; stem 



mostly iiollow; fruit a grain. 12. Poaceae 29 



Leaves 3-ranked, their sheaths with united margins; stems sohd; frmt an 



achene. i3. Cyperaceae 103 



Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually corolloid. 

 Gynoecium of distinct carpels. 



Petals similar to the sepals; anthers long and narrow; carpels coherent. 



9. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE 26 



Petals different from the sepals, in ours wliite; anthers short and thick; 



carpels not coherent. 10. Ausmaceae 27 



Gynoecium of united carpels. , . ^ „ *.. , r 



Stamens numerous; water plants with broad netted-veined floating leaf- 



blades. 47. Ntmphaeaceae 284 



Stamens 3-6. 



Ovary and fruit superior. 



Stamens dissimilar, or only 3 with fertile anthers; endosperm 



mealy. 

 Calyx and corolla of free, very different members; stamens 



free. 16. Commelinaceae 144 



Calyx and corolla of quite similar members and partly united; 



stamens partly adnate to the perianth. 



17. PONTEDERIACEAE 14o 



Stamens alike and fertile; endosperm fleshy, horny, or cartilagin- 

 ous. . , 

 Styles present, distinct or united; stigmas terrrunal. 



Styles distinct; capsule septicidal. 18. Melanthaceae 146 



Styles united, often very short or obsolete during anthesis. 

 Petals and sepals very unlike; capsules septicidal. 



24. Calochortaceae 171 



Petals and sepals nearly alike; capsules loculicidal. 



Sepals and petals chaffy. 19. JUNCAEAE 149 



Sepals and petals not chaffy. 



Herbs with bulbs, corms or rootstocks. 



Plants with bulbs, or corms, or short erect 



rootstocks. 

 Flowers in umbels, at first included in and 

 later subtended by a scarious invo- 

 lucre. 20. Alliaceae 157 

 Flowers solitary or racemose, or in Leuco- 

 crinum by shortening of the stem 

 the inflorescence umbel-like, without 

 involucre. 21. LtliaceaB. 163 

 Plants with elongate horizontal rootstocks. 



22. Gonvallariaceae 166 



Shrubby plants with woody caudices, or trees. 



23. Dracaenaceae 169 



styles wanting. 



Flowers perfect; plants not climbing. _ ,. ^ .. 



Leaves and bracts alternate; plants with bulbs; fruit 



a capsule. 24. Calochortaceae 171 



Leaves or leaf -like bracts whorled; plants with rootstock; 



fruit a berry. 25. Tkii^liaceae 172 



Flowers dioecious; plants climbing or trailLag. 



26. SMII.ACACEAE 173 



Ovary and fruit wholly or partly inferior . 



Flowers regular; androecium not reduced; stamens 3 or more. 

 Aauatic plants, dioecious or polygamous. 



11. Elodiaceae 28 



Land-plants with perfect flowers. 



Stamens 6; leaves not equitant. 27. Amartllidaceae 173 



Stamens 3; leaves equitant. 28. Iridaceae 173 



Flowers irregular, perfect; terrestrial or epiphj-tic plants; stamens 



1 or 2. 29. Orchidaceae 176 



Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. 



A. Corolla wanting, 



I. Calyx wanting, at least in the staminate flowers. 



TTerbs. 



Laud plants; styles distinct, cleft or follaceous; ovaries 3-celled. 



74, EUPHORBIACEAE 541 



Aauatic plants; styles simple, imited into pairs; ovaries 4-celled. 



75. CAULITRICHACEAE 547 



Trees or shrubs. 



Fruit i-seeded: seeds without tufts of hairs. 



