GRASS FAMILY 87 



12-15 mm. long, green or more commonly copper-colored or purple; empty 

 glumes smooth or nearly so ; lemma ovate, attenuate, finely and densely scabrous, 

 somewhat shinv, 10-12 mm. long. Subarctic regions: Alaska— Yukon —Cana- 

 dian Rockies— (Mt. Albert) Que.— Lab. j Siberia. Subalp. Jc-Au. 



16. F. campestris Rydb. Stem 4-10 dm. high; leaf-blades 3-5 dm. long, 

 scabrous; panicle 12-25 cm. long; spikelets 10-12 mm. long, 2-4-flowered ; empty 

 glumes membranous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; lemma vcrv- scabrous, at- 

 tenuate, thicker than the empty glumes, 9-10 mm. long. F. saihrdla major 

 Vasey. Plains and hills: Alta.—N.D.— Wash.— Yukon. PlainSnbmonl. Je- 



Au. 



17. F. scabrella Torr. Stem 3-5 dm. high; blades of the basal iea/es 1-2 

 dm. long, scabrous, striate; those of the upper stem-leaves short, 3-5 cm. long, 

 often flat; panicle small, 5-15 cm. long; branches ascending; spikelets often 

 purple-tinged, 3-4-flo\vered, about 1 cm. long; lemma scabrous, 6-8 mm. long, 

 acute. F. Hallii (Vasev) Piper. Momitains: Alta.— Mout.— Wash.— U.O.; 



Colo. Mont. Je-Jl. 



6-20 



18. F. Thurberi Vasey. Stem 6-10 dm. high; leaf-blades involute, D--JU 

 cm. long, verv scabrous; panicle 1-1.5 dm. long, loose, slightly drooping; spike- 

 lets 3-6-flowered, 8-12 mm. long; empty glumes smooth or scabrous on the keel; 

 lemma finely scabrous near the margins or glabrou.s, cuspid.ate-acummate, 7-8 

 mm. long. Poa festucnides and P. Keibensis U. E. Jones. Hillsides and moun- 

 tains: N.M.— Wyo.— Utah. Mont.— Subalp. JI-S. 



19. F. elatior L. Stem smooth, 5-12 dm. high: leaf-blades 1-6 dm. long, 

 4-8 mm. wide, smooth beneath, scabrous above; panicle 1-2 dm. long, rather 

 open in anthesis, narrowed in fruit; spikelets 3-13-flowered, usually 6^8-flowered 

 9-11 mm. long; lemma 5-7 mm. long, scabrid towards the apex. Aleadows and 

 copses: N.S.—N.C.—N.M.— Calif.— B.C.; cult, and nat. from Eu. Plain- 



Submont. Je-Au. 



20 F. dasyclada Hack. Stem erect, 2-4 dm. high; leaf-blades soft, often 

 folded, glabrous, 5-15 cm. long; panicle open; spikelets 2-flowered, 6-7 mm. 

 long; lemma about 6 mm. long, scabrous-puberulcut, 2-toothed at the apex; awn 

 3 mm. long. Mountains: "Utah." 



21 F sororia Piper. Stem 6 9 dm. high, smooth and shining; leaf- 

 blades thin, flat, spreading, 1-2.5 dm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, scabrous on the 

 maro-ins; panicle 1-1.5 dm. long, somewhat nodding, lax; spikelets 3-o-tlowered, 

 7-12 mm long: empty glumes membranous; lemma 6-9 mm. long, keeled at 

 the base, scabrous; avm 0..5-2 mm. long. F. frakrcula Piper, not Rupr. Open 

 hillsides, canons, and meadows. Colo.— Utah— Ariz.; iMex. Submonl.—Suhalp. 



20 F. subulata Trin. Stem 4-12 dm. high; leaf-blades dark green above, 

 flat, thin, 1-3 dm. long, 3-10 mm. ^ide, scabrous on both sides; panicle very 

 loose, drooping. 1.5-4 dm. long; branches reflexed; spikelets 3-0-flowered, 7-12 

 mm. long; lemma somewhat keeled, scabrous toward the apex 5-7 mm long, 

 attenuate into a scabrous awn 5-20 mm. long. F. Jonesii Vasey. Woods. 

 Alaska— Calif.— Utah— Colo.— Mont. Mont.—Subnlp. Jt^Au. 



23 F. octoflora Walt. Usually tufted; stems 5-40 cm. high, glabrous or 

 retrorsely puberulent; leaf-blades involute or rarely flat, 2-10 cm. long; panicle 

 narrow, erect, racemiform, 3-12 cm. long; spikelets 5-10 mm. long, rarely longer; 

 lemma lanceolate, scabrous to glabrous 4-5 nim. long, attenuate; awn straiglit, 

 1-7 mm. long. F . ten ella V; iWd . In drj- sandy soil: Que.— Ha.— Calif.- H.C. 



Plain—Mont. Ap-Jl. 



24 F pacifica Piper. Simple or somewhat tufted; stem 1-5 dm. high, 

 glabrous;* leaf-blades glabrous, loosely involute, 3-5 cm. long; panicle more or 

 Ls secuiid, 5-12 cm. long; branches solitary, bearing spikelets on the lower 

 side- snikelets 3-6-flowered; lemma lanceolate, scabrous, except that of the 



blue, ayii^K-i'i c , c -7 „.,„ 1^,i,t- avLm annKrnn« 10-15 mm. lonS. 



6-7 



River vallej 

 Ap-Jl. 



