284 CARYOPHYLLACE.\E 



calyx ellipsoid, much inflated, 12-15 mm. long, glandular-pubescent; lobes very 

 broad, rounded-ovate; petals included; blades verj^ short, bifid; claws auricled. 

 High mountains: Greenl. — Lab.— Mont. — Colo. — Utah — Alaska; Eurasia. Alp, 

 — Subalp, Jl-Au. 



4. SAPONARIA L. Soapwort, Bouncing Bet. 



Perennial herbs, with opposite broad leaves. Calyx 5-toothed, obscurely 

 5-nerved, Petals 5, long-clawed, with appendages (crown). Stamens 10. 

 Ovary 1-celled or incompletely 2-4-celled; styles 2. Capsule dehiscent by 4 

 apical teeth or valves. 



1. S. officinalis L. Glabroiis perennial; stem 3-6 dm. high; leaves oval or 

 ovate, 5-8 cm. long, 3-5-ribbed; flowers in dense corymbiform cymes; calyx 

 tubular, 1.5-2 cm. long; petals pink or white; blades obcordate; capsule oblong. 

 Roadsides and waste places: N.S.— Fla.— N.M.— Colo.; nat. from Eu. Plain 

 — Suhmont. Jl-S. 



5. VACCARIA Medic. Cow-herb, Cow Cockle. 



Annual caulescent herbs, with glabrous and glaucous, opposite, often thickish, 

 clasping leaves. Flowers in dichotomous cymes. Calyx somewhat inflated, 

 strongly 5-angled and 5-nerved; lobes very short. Petals conspicuous, longer 

 than the calyx, without a crown. Stamens 10. Ovary 1-celled; styles 2. Cap- 

 sule opening by 4 apical, tooth-hke valves. Seeds laterally attached; embryo 

 slightly curved. 



1. V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton. Annual; stem 3-10 dm. high, branched; leaves 

 ovate to lanceolate, connate at the base, 2-8 cm. long; calyx with the sharp 

 angles herbaceous, and the intervening parts scarious and white, 1-1.5 cm. long; 

 petals rose-colored, crenulate. Saponaria Vaccaria L. In waste places: Out. — 

 Fla. — Cahf. — Alaska.; nat. from Eu. Plain — SuhmonL Je-Au. 



Family 46. CERATOPHYLLACEAE, Hornwort Family. 



F 



Submerged aquatic herbs, with verticillate leaves, thrice dissected dichoto- 

 mously into filiform stiff divisions. Flowers monoecious, inconspicuous, 

 sessile, axillary. Sepals 6-12, herbaceous, valvate. Petals wanting. 

 Stamens 10-24, with very short filaments. Pistil 1; ovary 1-celled. Fruit 

 nut-like, with a persistent style. Seeds pendulous; embryo straight. 



1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Hornwort. 



Characters of the family. 



1. C. demersum L. Stems 3-12 dm. long; leaves rather rigid, 6-9 in each 

 whorl, 1-3 cm. long, once, twice, or thrice forking, the ultimate segments spiny- 

 toothed; achenes oblong, slightly flattened, 5 mm. long, tipped with the per- 

 sistent style and armed with spreading spines at the base. Ponds and still 

 water: Newf. — Fla. — CaUf. — Wash.; W.Ind., Mex., Eurasia. Plain. Je-Jl. 



Family 47. NYMPHAEACEAE, Water Lily Family. 



Perennial acaulescent water plants, with stout elongate rootstocks. 

 Leaves with elongate petioles and broad leathery floating blades cordate 

 or sagittate at the base. Flow^ers solitary, long-pedicelled, perfect. Sepals 

 4-7, green or partly colored. Petals numerous, often passing into stamin- 

 odia and stamens. Stamens numerous. Gynoecium of several more^ or 

 less united carpels, forming a compound pistil; stigmas united into a disk. 

 Ovules numerous, parietal. Fruit a leathery berry. 



Petals small, staminodia-like; stamens hypogynous. 1. Nymphaea. 



Petals at least as large as the sspals; stamens epigynous. 2. Castalia. 



