568 VIOLACEAE 



above the ground; its leaves ovate to lanceolate, gradually smaller upward, the 



margins nearly entire; petaliferous flowers from the lower axils, cleistogamous 



from the U}:)per; outer petals madder-brown. F. atriplicifolia Greene. 7. Thori 



A. Nels. Cliffs and hillsides: Mont. — Colo. — Calif. — Ore. SubmonL — Mont. 

 Ap-Jl. 



16. V* linguaefolia Nutt. Pubescence variable, from villous to subgla- 



brous; stems tardily developed, 1-3 dm, long; first flowers petahferous, the 



upper petals reddish browTi; later apetalous flowers from the upper axils; capsule 



globose, usually glabrous; seeds 3 mm. long. F. flavovirens Pollard. V. eredi- 



folia A. Nels, F. gomphopetala Greene. Valleys: Mont.— Colo. — Calif.— Wash. 

 Submont. — Subalp, 



17. V. vallicola A. Nels. Glabrous or pubescent; leaves nearly entire, 

 ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, the base often obhquely roimded; petals yellow, the 

 two upper often tinged with purple; cleistogamous flowers borne on" the upper 

 part of the stem; capsule short-ellipsoid; seeds 2 mm. long. F. physalodcs 

 Greene, Moist valleys in the mountains: Colo. — Sask.— Wash. — B.C. Plain 

 — Mont. My-Je. 



18. V. Nuttallii Pursh. More or less pubescent; stems commonlj^ numer- 

 ous, in moist situations elongating 15-25 cm.; leaves except the few earliest 

 lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering at the base into margined petioles, the 

 apex acute or subacute, obscurely and remotely denticulate; seeds brown, 3 mm. 



long. On the foot-hills and plains: ]\Ian. — Mo.— Ariz. — Mont. Plain— SuhmouL 

 Ap-Je. 



19. V. biflora L. Stems several, slender, 2-3-leaved and 2-3-flowered; 

 leaves somewhat hirtellous, reniform, narrowly cordate at base, rounded at 

 apex, 2-4 cm. wide; cauhne stipules ovate; flowers small, citrous-^^ellow; spur 

 short-conical; stigma margined on two sides. In wet moss and in fine gravel 

 along rivulets: Colo.; Alaska, and n Eurasia. Mont.—Subalp. Ap-Jl. 



20. V. glabella Nutt. Rootstock stout, jagged, usually horizontal; stems 

 1-4, leafy only tow^ard the top; root-leaves 1-2, the blades reniform, crenate- 

 serrate, short-pointed, nearly glabrous, 6-8 cm. wide; cauline leaves 2-4, the 

 upper much smaller and ovate; capsules ellipsoid, 1 cm. long; seeds nearly black, 

 2 mm. long. Woods: Alaska— Mont.— Ida.— Calif. SubmonL— MonL 



21. V. pubescens Ait. St<im often solitary; root-leaves few or none; stem- 

 leaves short-petioled; blades reniform to ovate, cordate or trimcate-decurrent, 

 the apex slightly blunt-pointed; stipules large, obliquely ovate; capsules often 

 white-woolly; seeds 3 mm. long. Rich woodlands: N.S.—Va.— Neb.— (Black 

 Hills) S.D. Plain— SubmonL 



22. V. rugulosa Greene. Stems 2-6 dm. high; root-leaves cordate-reni- 

 form, abruptly short-pointed, often 10 cm. wide, densely hirsutulous beneath; 

 lower stem-leaves similar, the upper successively smaller and shorter-petioled, 

 becoming ovate-acuminate; capsules ovoid to subglobose, often puberulent, 6-10 

 mm. long; seeds brown, 2 mm. long. F. Rydbergii Greene. Woods: Man.— la. 

 — Colo. — Alaska. Plain — MonL My-Jl. 



23. V. canadensis L. Stems several, 15-35 cm. high; leaves broadly cor- 

 date-ovate, abruptly acuminate, serrate with incurved teeth, nearly glabrous, or 

 the smaller upper leaves muriculate to hirtellous, especially on the veins under- 

 neath; petals often purplish with age; spur short and rounded; capsule ovoid, 

 usually glabrous; seeds brown, 2 mm. long. F. neomexicajia and F. geminiflora 



^^^' Moist, wooded, and steep mountain slopes: N.B.— S.C— N.M.— Ariz. 

 — B.C. SubmonL — MonL My-Jl. 



• ^fk Yrt^^^^H^^^^^^ ^^^- ^^^y) Greene. Stems numerous, more or less spread- 

 ing, 10-20 cm. high; leaves cordate-deltoid, about 2 cm. wide, gradually tapering 

 mto an acute apex; upper surface often minutely scabrous; flowers about 1 cm. 

 broad, on long axillary peduncles, and often later numerous cleistogamous 

 flowers on axillar>^ branches; seeds 1.5 mm. long. Moist groves and shady river 

 banks: Colo. SubmonL — Mont. 



