:\I ADDER FAAIILY 807 



Leaves opposite; conoUa funnelform. I.Kelloggia, 

 Leaves apparently verticillate ; corolla rotate. 



Flowers 3-4-inerous, losuaily white; fruit dry. 2. Galium. 



Flowers 5-mcrous, yellow; fruit baccate. 3. Rubia. 



1. KELLOGGIA Torr. 



; 



Perennials, with opposite leaves, small interposed stipules and small wliite 

 or pinkish flowers in paniculate cymes. Flowers perfect, 3-5- (mostly 4-) meroiis. 

 Hypanthium obovoid. Calyx-teeth minute, persistent. Corolla funnel-salver- 

 form; lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens adnate to the corolla up to the throat, 

 exserted; filaments flat; anthers fixed above the base. Ovary 2-celled; style 

 filiform, exserted; stigmas 2, hnear-clavate. Ovules solitary, erect, anatropous. 

 Fruit dry, coriaceous, beset with uncinate bristles,, separating into 2 carpels. 

 Albumen fleshy. 



1. K. galioides Torr. Stem slender, glabrous or puberulent, 1-3 dm. high; 

 leaves narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long, sessile, 1-3-nerved, acute at the apex; 

 corolla 5-7 mm. long and as wide; fruit 3-4 mm. long and, with the bristles, 3^ 

 mm. in diameter. Mountain woods: Wyo. — Wash. — ^Ariz. — Calif. SubmonL — 

 Mont. Je~Jl. 



2. GALIUM L. Bedstraw, Ci^avers. 



Annual or perennial herbs, some somewhat woody at the base, with 4-angled 

 stems and branches, apparently verticillate leaves* and small, mostly wliite 

 flowers in cymes or panicles. Flowers perfect or in some species dioecious. 

 H}T)anthium globose or ovoid. Caly^ obsolete. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4- 

 parted, or rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, rarely 3; filaments short. Styles 2; 

 stigmas capitellate ; ovary 2-celled, with one ovule in each ceU. Fruit didymous, 

 of two indehiscent carpels, often bristle-hairy, dry. 



r 



Flowers perfect; fruit hirsute with uncinnate hairs, or glabrous. 



Annuals . 



Stem coarse, reclining; leaves 6-8 in the whorLs. 

 Leaves linear or oblanceolate. 



Leaves 2-7 cm. long; nutlets when ripe 3-5 mm. in diameter; flowers white. 



1. G. Aparine. 



Leaves 0.5-2 cm. long; nutlet when ripe 2-3 nun. in diameter; flowers 

 ochroleucous. 2. G. Vaillantii. 



Leaves elliptic. 10. G. ffariflorum. 



Stem slender, erect or ascending; leaves 2-4 in the whorls. 



Leaves ovate or oblong, 5-7 mm. long; fruit nearly sessile. 



3. G. proliferum. 



Leaves Unear-oblong or linear, often 10-20 mm. long; fruit distinctly peduncled. 



4. G. bifolium. 



Perennials. 



Leaves not cuspidate-pointed. 



Stem stout; leaves thick, 3-nerved. 5. G, boreale. 



Stem very slender; leaves 1 -nerved. 



Leaves mostly 4 in the whorls, 5-15 mm. long. 



Leaves obovate to broadly oblong-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy. 



CoroUa-Iobes almost 1 mm. long; pedicels and generally also the 

 stem glabrous. 6. G. Brandegei. ' 



CoroUa-lobes about 0.5 nun. long; pedicels and stem more or less 

 scabrous. 7. G. subbiflorum. 



Leaves linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate. 8. G. trifidum. 



Leaves of the stem mostly 5-6 in the whorls, 15-30 mm. long. 



9. G. columbianum. 



Leaves cuspidate-pointed. . , ^ , . • i u- * v. • +i 



Fruit uncinate long-hispid; stem glabrous or sparmgly hirsute or bristly; 



inflorescence axiUary, mostly simple. 

 Stem retrorse-bristly; pedicels scarcely exceeding the bracts. 



10. G. flanflorum. 



Stem Klabrous or sparingly hirsute; pedicels much exceeding the small 

 br^ts ^^' ^' 'rj^^ri/m. 



Fruit minutely hispidulous or granular-scabrous; stem scabrous on the angles; 



inflorescence panicled. , . , ^ ■,••,■ 



Leaves firm, with strong midrib, lanceolate or oblanceolate; pedicels m 



fruit somewhat spreading. . ^ vi, ^^' ^' ^^L^-l^il'^^ 



Leaves thin, oblong, rounded and mucronate at the apex ; pedicels very 

 fine, in fruit spreading at right angles. 13. u, filipes. 



like 



