808 RUBIACEAE 



Flowers dioecious, in small cymes; fruit with long, not xmcinate hairs; perennials. 

 Leaves linear. 14. g. coloradense. 



Leaves ovate or lanceolate. 

 ■ Plant glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves of the stem lanceolate to ovate, 8-15 mm. long. 15. G. Watsoni. 

 Leaves broadly ovate. 5-8 mm. long. 16. G. Bloomeri. 



Plant decidedly puberulent. 



Plant prulnose-puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, not cuspidate. 



^ 17. G. muUiflorum. 



Plant mspidulous-puberulent: leaves lanceolate, cuspidate. 



18. G. siellatum. 



1. G. Aparine L. Stem weak, prostrate or scrambling over bushes, 3-15 



dm. long, retrorsely hispid on the angles; leaves 6-S in the whorls, oblanceolate, 



sometimes almost Unear, 2-7 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, cuspidate, the margins 



and midribs retrorsely hispid; flowers white in 1-3-flowered cymes in the upper 



axils. Copses: N.B.—Fla.— Mo.— Tex.— Calif.— B.C.; nat. from Eu. Plain 

 Submont My-S. 



2. G. Vaillantii DC. Stem prostrate, retrorsely hispid as the preceding^ 

 but the internodes shorter, and the whole plant smaller; leaves 6~S in the whorls, 

 usually oblong-linear, sometimes slightly oblanceolate, cuspidate-pointed; flowers 

 m 2-9-flowered cjTnes. Low ground among bushes: Ont. — Fla. — Tex. — Calif. 

 — B.C. ; Eurasia. Plain — Submont My-Au. 



3. G. proliferum A. Gray. Stem hispidulous, branching, 3 dm. high; 

 leaves 5-8 mm. long, acute, with a strong midrib, mostly 4 in the whorls, the 

 alternate ones often smaller; flowers sohtary on axillary peduncles which are 

 about twice as long as the leaves, almost sessile in the axil of two leaf-hke bracts; 

 peduncles sometimes with one or two prohfications from the axils of the bracts; 

 carpels about 2 mm. in diameter. On stony hills: Tex.— s Utah— Ariz.; Mex. 

 L. San. Ap-Je. 



4. G, bifolium S. Wats. Stem slender, erect, glabrous, 1-1.5 dm. high; 

 leaves 2-4 m the whorls, often very unequal, thin, acutish, 1-nerved; flowers 

 solitary on axillary peduncles, horizontal and curved under the fruit; carpels 

 about 2 mm. in diameter. In mountain meadows and around springs: B.C. — 

 Mont.— Colo.— Calif. Submont My-JL 



5. G. boreale L. Stem erect, glabrous, 2-7 dm. high; leaves 4 in the whorls, 

 from linear to broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 3-5 cm. long, the margins 

 sometimes ciliate and shghtly revolute, often with fascicles of smaller leaves in 

 the axils; flowers white or ochroleucous (var. linearifolium) in terminal, densely 

 many-flowered compound cymes; carpels about 2 mm. in diameter. Rocky 

 places, hillsides, and along streams: Que.— N.J.— Neb.— N.M.— Calif.— Alaska; 

 Eurasia. Plain — Mont, My-Au. 



6' G* Brandegei A. Gray. Stem loosely branched, glabrous, slender, 5-15 

 cm. high, generally depressed; leaves imequal, 4-12 mm. long, somewhat fleshy, 

 obtuse; midrib faint; flowers usually sohtary or geminate, on axillary peduncles; 

 corolla white; fruit glabrous, its carpels about 1.5 mm. in diameter. Around 

 springs: Wyo.—N.M.— Ariz.— Calif. Submont— Mont Je-Au. 



7. G, subbiflonim (Wiegand) Rydb. Stem slender, prostrate, 1-3 dm> 

 long, soniewhat scabrous on the angles; leaves mostly obtuse, slightly fleshy and 

 with a famt midnb, 5-15 mm. long; peduncles axillary, usually sohtary, or more 

 rarely gemmate, l-flowered, or less commonly 2-3-flowered; corolla white, 3- 

 lobed; fruit glabrous, its carpels 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. G. trifidum subUfiorum 

 Wiegand, Wet places: Minn.— N.M.—s Calif.— Wash. Plain— Mont Je-Au. 



8. G. trifidum L. Stem slender, ascending or depressed, 2-4 dm. long, 

 branched, scabrous on the angles; leaves 5-15 mm. long, obtuse, 1-nerved, thm, 

 dark green and dull on both sides; midrib and margins scabrous; flowers on 

 slender 1-3-flowered axillary peduncles; corolla white, 3-lobed, its lobes about 

 0.5 mm. long; fruit glabrous, its carpels about 1.5 mm. in diameter. Wet mea- 

 dows and swamps: Lab.— Newf.—N.Y.— Colo.— Alaska. Plain— Submont 

 Je-Au. 



9. G. columblanum Rydb. Stem slender, 3-10 dm. long, branched, 

 somewhat scabrous on the angles; leaves of the stem generally hnear-oblong or 



