3-6 dm. long 



MADDER FAMILY 809 



oblanceolate, obtuse, l-nerv-cd, scabrous on the midiib and margins; leaves of 

 the brandies generally 4 in the whorls, smaller; flowers axillary or in small ter- 

 minal cymes, white; peduncles slender, 5-20 mm. long, solitary or geminate, 

 1-3-flowered, often curved; corolla white, 3-lobed; fruit glabrous; carpels about 

 1.5 mm. in diameter. Damp woods and on grassy banks: Munt. — Wash. — 

 Alaska. SuhmonL Je-Au. 



10. G. flaviflorum Heller. Stem diffuse, 3-10 dm. long; leaves mostly 6 in 

 the whorls, elliptic or lance-oblong, retrorsely hispidulous on the midrib and 

 margins, 2-5 cm. long; peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered, about equalling the 

 leaves; bracts lanceolate; corolla pale greenish yellow, 4-lc)bed; fruit hispid with 

 uncinate hairs; carpels 2-3 mm. in diameter. Hills; N.M.-s Colo, Suhiionl. 

 — Mont. Jl-Au. 



11. G, triflorum Michx. Stem diffuse, 3-10 dm, long, glabrous or very 

 sparingly hirsute, shining; leaves mostly 6 in the whorls, narrowly oval or slightly 

 oblanceolate, 1-ribbed, narrowed at both ends, 3-7 cm. lon^; peduncles axillary 

 or terminal, often exceeding the leaves, mostly 3-fiowered; corolla greenish white, 

 4-lobed; fruit long-hispid with uncinate hairs; carpels 3-4 mm. in diameter. 

 Damp open woods : Newf . — Ala. — Colo. — ^Calif.— Alaska. Plain — Moni, Je-Au. 



asperulum (A. Gray) Rvdb. Stem erect or ascending, but weak, 



linear _ , , .__^ ^_.^ ^ 



margins; flowers in axillary and terminal, more or less compound cymes; branches 

 merely ascending-spreading in fruit, 1-1.5 cm. long; corolla purplish, its lobes 

 acute; fruit very short uncinate-hispid or granular-scabrous; carpels 1-1.5 mm. 

 in diameter. G. asperrimiim asperulum A. Gray. In copses and rocky places: 

 Wash. — Ida. — Utah — Calif. Suhmont, 



13. G. filipes Rydb. Stem ascending, about 5 dm. long, minutely, retrorsely 

 hispidulous; leaves broadly oblanceolate, obtuse and cuspidate at the apex, 

 thin, 2-4 cm. long, retrorsely' hispidulous on the veins and margins; flowers in 

 axillary or terminal cymes, the latter more compound; pedicels divaricate, very 

 slender, in fruit often 1 cm. long; corolla purplish, 4-lobed; lobes acuminate; fruit 

 minutely hispid^ilous; carpels 1.5 mm. thick, fully 2 mm. long. Among bushes: 

 Utah — Nev. SubnionL Jl, 



14. G. coloradense W. Wight, Stem erect, perfectly glabrous, with upright 

 branches, about 3 dm. high, slightly woody at the base; leaves rather thick and 

 firm, linear, acute, l-ribbed, 1-2.5 cm. long and 2-3 mm. wide, 4 in the whorls; 

 cymes of the sterile plant ^15-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-5-flowered; 

 corolla apparently yellowish, 2 mm. vride; h>T>anthium of the sterile flowera 

 glabrous; carpels, including the hairs, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Dry regions: sw 

 Colo. — se Utah. Suhmont. Je~Jl. 



15. G. Watsoni (A. Gray) Heller. Stem branched, with a somewhat 

 woody base, 0.5-4 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; cymes of the sterile plant 

 3-9-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-5-flowered; leaves 4 in the whorls, gen- 

 erally unequal in size, 8-15 mm. long, rather firm, more or less distinctly 3-ribbed, 

 acute or acuminate; corolla yellowish, about 3 mm. in diameter; hn:)anthium of 

 sterile flowers sparingly short-hispid; carpels, with hairs, 5-6 mm. in diameter. 

 On dry mountains: Ida,- — Ore, — Aixz. SuhmonL Je-Au. 



16. G. Bloomeri A. Gray. Stem glabrous, branched, somewhat woodv at 

 the base, 1-3 dm. high; leaves 4 in the whorls, firm, 5-8 mm. long, 3-ribbed, 

 acute or more commonly abruptly short -acuminate; c^maes of the sterile plant 

 3-9-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-5-flowered; corolla yellowish, about 2 mm. 

 in diameter; hypanthium of the sterile flower glabrous or puberulent, or with a 

 few long hairs at the base; carpels, with hairs, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Dr>^ moun- 

 tains: Utah— Ida. — Nev. — Calif. SuhmonL Je-Au, 



17. G. multiflorum Kellogg. Stem branched, very similar to the preceding 

 in habit; leaves 4 in the whorls, acute, more or less distinctlv 3-ribbed, 5-12 mm. 

 long] cymes of the sterile plant 3-7-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-3-flow- 

 ^rori ■(t-i'f>i T^T^' ahf^rt nprlir'pl'?' r:nrnlla hVht vellow. about 3 mm. broad: h\T>an- 



