VALERIAN FAMILY 819 



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fully as long as the beak. Aligera macroptera Sucksd. Sandy places: Wash. 

 — Ida. — Utah — Ore. Son, Ap-Je. 



2. VALERIANELLA (Tourn.) Hill. Corn Salad, Lamb's Lettuce. 



Annual herbs, with dichotomously branched stem. Leaves opposite, simple, 

 entire or toothed, or rarely pinnatifid. Flowers perfect in head-like or corymbi- 

 form cymes. Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Corolla funnelform; tube usually 

 gibbous below; limb 5-toothed. Stamens 3. Ovary 3-celled, but only one 

 o-VTile-bcaring, the other two empty and more or less enlarged in the wingless 



fruit, 



1. V. Locusta (L.) Betcke. Stem glabrous or pubescent, 2-3 dm. high; 

 basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, entire; upper leaves oblong, 

 sometimes denticulate; corolla blue, about 2 mm. long; fruit flattened, somewhat 

 oval in cross-section, the two empty cells together about equalling the fertile 

 one, the latter corky on the back. F. olitoria (L.) Poll. Waste places: N.Y.— 

 Pa. — La. — Va.; Ida.; nat. from Eu. Ap-Jl. 



3. VALERIANA (Tourn.) L. Valerian, Tobacco-root. 



Perennial herbs, heavy-scented. Leaves opposite, entire to pinnately divided. 

 Flowers perfect or polygamous or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx-limb at first 

 inroUed, at last spreading, developing into 5-15 plumose bristles. Corolla 

 funnelform or salver-shaped, 5-lobed; tube often gibbous or saccate at the base. 

 Stamens usually 3. Ovary 1-celled; style slightly 2-3-cleft at the apex. Fruit 

 achene-like, flattened, 1-nerved on one side and 3-nerved on the other. 



Leaves thick, the lower entire or with linear entire divisions, the veining almost parallel ; 



plants with thick fleshy taproots. , , ^ ,. . , ^ 



Fruit and ovaries pubescent; bracts in the stanunate plant hnear-lanceolate. 



1. V. eduhs. 



Fruit glabrous. 



Fruit scurfy, miiricate or rugose. ,^ ^ xt. x • * i * 



Basal leaves oblanceolate ; fruit broadly ovate; corolla of the stammate plant 



2.5-3 mm. wide; root thick. 2. V. trachycarpa. 



Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate; fmit narrowly ovate; corolla of 

 aminate flowers less than 2 mm. wide; root rather slender. 



3. V. furfurescens. 



Fruit smooth narrowly ovate; inflorescence of staminate plant rather dense, with 

 short branches; corolla 3-4 mm. wide. . ,'**.'^- ^.l^^^ophylla 



Leaves thin, the cauline ones pinnate; veining distmctly pinnate; plants with rootstncks. 

 Bases of the stem-leaves and nodes of the stem neither cihate nor bearded; stem finely 



pruinose-puberulent. «,.h.v^r«^ 



Fruit pilose ; flowers perfect. g- Y/ ^^l^^^^P^- 



Fruit glabrous; plant polygamo-dioecious. 6 V. puoerulcnta. ^ 



Bases of the stem-leaves and the nodes of the stem cihate or bearded; stem otherwise 



glabrous or sUghtly pubescent. « tt ■ .j,^ 



Ovary and fruit at least when yoimg pubescent. 7. V. imcrantna. 



Ovary and fruit glabrous. 



Basal leaf-blades ovate-cordate. , * . ■ V l< ^^ii'^ 



Basal leaf-blades spatulate. oval or lanceolate, tapermg at the base. , 



Corolla of the pistUlate plants 2-3 mm. long and shghtly wider; inflor- 



esceace in fruit elongate and narrow. ^ ?. V. septentnonahs. 



Corolla of the pistillate plants 3 mm. or more long; mflorescence evenm 



fruit short, corymbiform or subcapitate. 

 Lateral leaflets or lobes of the stem-leaves small, hnear-lanceolate, 



acuminate. , , 10 ^- acuUloba, 



Lateral leaflets of the stem-leaves ample, ovate to lanceolate, acute. 

 CoroUa 3-4 mm. long; leaflets from entire to shghtly sinuate. 



11. V. occidentalis. 



CoroUa 5-8 mm. long; leaflets from sinuate to coarsely toothed. 



Leaflets sinuate or sinuate-denticulate; corolla 5-ij mm. long; 

 tube attenuate at the base. 12. V. Scouleri. 



Leaflets coarsely sinuate-dentate; corolla 6-8 mm. long, not con- 

 spicuously narrowed below. 13. V. sttchcnsts. 



1 V edulis Nutt. Stem glabrous, 4-10 dm. high; basal leaves thick, ob- 

 lanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, puberulent at least on the veins and margins; upper 

 stem-leaves usuaUy pinnatifid with linear approximate divisions, the upper 

 brncts and the bractlets lanceolate, somewhat scarious, puberulent; corolla of 

 the staminate flowers yellowish, 3 mm. broad; its tube obpyramidal 1 mm high, 

 shghtly hairy corolla of the pistillate flowers less than 1 mm. high and broad; 



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