932 . CARDUACEAE 



divaricate, lanceolate or elongate-deltoid, 5-15 cm. long, gradually attenuate 

 above, rounded at the base, 3-ribbed, scabrous on both sides; involucres about 1 

 cm. high and 2 cm. broad; bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute-ciliate 

 on the margms, hu-sutulous on the back; Ugules 8-12, about 2 cm. long. Dry 

 ground: Que.— Fla.— La.— Sask. Plain. Jl-S. 



9. H. Maximiliani Schrad. Perennial, with a thick rootstock; stem 5-30 

 dm.high, scabrous-hispidulous; leaves mostly alternate and subsessile, lanceolate 

 to hnear, entire or denticulate, 5-15 cm. long, 1-ribbed, very scabrous on both 

 sides; heads many m a narrow panicle; involucres about 1.5 cm. high and 3 cm. 

 wide; bracts lanceolate-subulate, long-attenuate, strigose-canescent or somewhat 

 hispidulous; hgules golden yeUow, 15-30 mm. long. Prairies, plains, and river 

 banks: Man.— Mo.— Tex.— Wyo.— B.C. Plain—SuhmonL 



10. H. giganteus L. Perennial, with a rootstock, some of the roots often 

 becoming fusiform; stem 1-3 m. high, more or less hirsute; leaves lanceolate or 

 oblorig-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, scabrous above, hirsutulous beneath, short- 

 petioled or subsessile, serrulate or denticulate, rarely entire; heads in an open 

 panicle; mvolucres 12-15 mm. high and about 3 cm. broad; bracts linear-lanceo- 

 late, attenuate, hirsute-cHiate; hgules pale yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long. Low ground: 

 Me.— Fla.— La.— Colo.— B.C. Plain. Au-S. 



v.- }^' ^l subtuberosus Bourgeau. Perennial, with tubers; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-petioled, opposite; blades narrowly 

 lanceolate, acute at both ends, finely serrate, scabrous-hispidulous above, hir- 

 sutulous beneath, 5-8 cm. long; involucres about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5-3 cm. wide; 

 bracts hnear-lanceolate or subulate, attenuate, hirsute, the outer spreading; 

 hgules about 3 cm. long; disk yellow. Valleys and plains: Sask.— Minn.— Wyo. 

 — Mont. Plain. Jl-Au, 



I.- ^^' ■^" ,9"^^^^" ^- *^^^^- Perennial, with thick fleshy root; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, usually several; leaves subsessile, linear-lanceolate, hirsutulous, triple- 

 yeined; heads solitary; involucres 12-15 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate, at- 

 tenuate, rather loose, hu-sute; hgules about 2.5 cm. long. Dry sandy soil: Ore. 

 —Wash.— Ida.— B.C. Son. My-Jl. 



13. H. grosse-serratus Martens. Perennial; stem 1-3 m. high, glabrous 

 and often purpUsh; leaves alternate, or some opposite, short-petioled; blades 

 elongate-lanceolate, 1-2.5 dm. long, graduaUy acmninate, sharply serrate, 

 shghtly scabrous above, paler and short-pubescent beneath; heads in an open 

 panicle; involucre about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5-3 cm. wide; bracts Unear-subulate, 

 attenuate; hgules golden yellow, 2-3 cm. long. Plains and prairies: N.Y.— Pa. 

 —Tex.— N.M.— Utah— Sask. Plain. Au-S. 



14. H. fascicularis Greene. Perennial, with a rootstock and fusiform thick- 

 ened roots; stem glabrous and somewhat glaucous, 5-10 dm. high; leaves alter- 

 nate or the lower opposite, 7-15 cm. long, short-petioled; blades lanceolate or 

 Imear-lanceolate, scabrous on both sides; heads in an open panicle; involucres 

 about 15 cm. high and 3 cm. broad; bracts linear-subulate, attenuate; Hgules 



• ff'^®^ yellow, 2.5-3 cm. long; disk yeUowish brown. H. giganteus utahen- 

 sis D. C. Eat. //. utahensis A. Nels. (?) H. coloradensis CockereU. Closely 

 related to H . subtuberosus and Nuttallii. Mountain vaUeys: Sask.— N.M.— 

 Ariz.— Alta. Plain— Submont. Au-S. 



15. H. NuttallU T. & G Perennial; stem glabrous, strict, 3-8 dm. high; 

 leaves alternate or opposite, hnear or narrowly hnear-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 

 entire or denticulate, scabrous-hispidulous on both sides; branches of the panicle 

 erect; mvolucres about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5 cm. wide; bracts narrowly Unear-subu- 

 late, attenuate, grayish hirsutulous, sparingly, if at all, ciliate at the base; Ugules 

 2-2.5 cm. long. Dry plams : Alta.— Wyo.— Utah— Ida. Plain. Jl-S. 



74. ENCELIA Adans. 



Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby plants, ours shrubs with white branches. 

 Leaves alternate or opposite, mostly ovate. Heads radiate or rarely discoid, 

 peduncled. Involucres hemispheric or flattened. Receptacle convex, chaffy. 



