GEOLOGICAL NOTES. 20^ 



regards size and distribution, to alter the shapes of the sand- 

 hlled hollows from their originally simple forms to the appar- 

 ently abnormal outlines the}- present in those figured here. 



Where the railway crosses Hatch Lane, a slight ridge 

 north of the lane marks the presence of the southern boundary 

 of a slightly higher and older terrace of old Thames deposits 

 than the beds seen nearer Ilford. Hence on the slope of this 

 ridge we find the London-clay at, or close to, the surface, its 

 presence being slightly obscured by the washing down the slope 

 of the gravel capping the ridge. The cutting north of Hatch 

 Lane, and east of the compact collection of houses known as 

 Ley Street, showed the rise of the London-clay towards the 

 southern boundary of this ridge. A few yards north of the 

 bridge which crosses the line near the School, on the northern 

 side of the Ley Street Station, the London-clay sinks to the 



JBr. 



flU 



Fig. 3. Section from Hatch Lane, at Ley Street R. Station, to the Bridge 



over the Railway near the School, Ley Street. 



Gr., Gravel. L.C., London clay. Br., Bridge. 



Length of Section about 430 yards. Height, at bridge, 20ft. 



level of the line. The ridge, north of this bridge, graduall}' 

 decreases in height towards the Cran Brook. At the northern 

 end of Ley Street Station the height of the surface appears to be 

 about 85 feet above ordnance datum. 



As this Ley Street terrace is cul in London-clay, its boun- 

 dary is not clearly traceable for any distance. But its general 

 course near Ley Street appears to be nearly due east and west, 

 keeping a little south of the farmhouse called Great Newbury, 

 east of the railway, and crossing Horns Road westward, close 

 to but north of its junction with Hatch Lane. The Ley Street 

 terrace, being older than those southward, has been longer 

 subject to denuding agencies than they have been. Therefore, 

 while the general level attained by the old river deposits north 

 of the Cran Brook shows them to belong either to the Ley 



