OF EPPING FOREST. 



273 



CIniracteis of the Bracouidae. Wings with a moderate number of cells. 

 The anal or second posterior cell is separated from the cubital cells by a large 

 space having no cross nervure. (Fig. 2 B.) Antennae not elbowed, nearly 

 always more than fifteen jointed. Abdomen with little mobility between the 

 segments, the suture between second and third usually absent. 



Characters of the Cyiiipidae. Wings with few cells and having no stigma. 

 Pronotum fixed to the mesonotum, the angles extending back to the points of 

 insertion of the front wings. (Fig. 3 A.) Antennae straight, composed of 

 twelve to fifteen joints. 



,0- I' L d. 



Fig- 3- 



Nervmes. 



Cellules. 



-I. Typical Cynips Wing. B. Typical Syneigus Win^ 



e. Cubital 

 /. Median 

 g. Transverse basal 



Sub-costal 

 Radial 



Humeral 



Median 



Kadial 



5 Areolet ; 



6 I 



7 Discoidal 



8 Posterior 



Cubitals 



Besides the true gall-makers there are other genera of the 

 Cynipina which live as Inquilines in various Cynip galls. Such 

 genera are : — 



(i.) Synergus : This is represented in nearly all oak galls. 



(2.) Cevoptres : Occurring chiefly in Andricus tvilineatus 

 galls. 



(3.) Sapholytus : In galls on Quercns cevris. 



The Synergidae have the radial cellule of the wings closed, 

 but in the Cynipidae the subcostal vein is not continued along 

 the front margin. In this way they can be easily distinguished, 

 (See Fig. 3.) 



