198 



Journal of Applied Microscopy. 



of an infloresence. The ovules are 

 cauline in origin. Ttie nucellus grows 

 out into a long neck and finally makes a 

 complete connection between the stig- 

 matic cells and the embryosac, thus fur- 

 nishing a continuous passage for the 

 pollen tube. The synergids are unusually 

 long and the antipodals very ephemeral. 

 As a rule a single cell gives rise to all 

 the pollen mother cells in a single micro- 

 sporangium. Occasionally a pollen 

 mother cell produces five or six pollen 

 grains instead of four. 



C. J. C. 



Smith, Wilson K. A contribution to the life 

 historv of the Pontederiaceffi. Bot. Gaz. 35 : 



324-337, 1898. 



Oogenesis and spermatogenesis are 

 traced in detail. In Eichhornia the walls 

 which usually separate the four poten- 

 tial macrospores are often suppressed. 

 The failure of Eichhornia to produce 

 embryos is probably correlated with its 

 enormous power of vegetative reproduc- 

 tion. In Pontederia the tube nucleus 

 frequently divides. This is the second 

 case on record of the division of the tube 

 nucleus of a pollen grain. After a com- 

 parative study, the author concludes that 

 gametophyte characters are not of much 

 value in tracing phylogenetic relation- 

 ships, among the angiosperms. 



C. J. C, 



Van Tiegliein, Ph. Structure de quelqu'es ovules 

 et parti qu'on pent tirer pour ameliorer la 

 classification. Jour. d. Botanique 18 : 197-220, 



1898. 



The author concludes that the struc- 

 ture of the ovule affords a basis for 

 marking out large divisions of Angio- 

 sperms and also for subdividing them. 

 The number of integuments and the 

 character of the nucellus are the features 

 depended upon. The same writer em- 

 ployed these characters as a basis for 

 classification in his recent third edition 

 of the Traite de Botanique. 



C. J. C. 



Tauchnitz, ITerni. Anatomischer Atlas der Phar- 

 makognosie und Nahrungsmitelkunde Lier- 

 fung, 14 : 289-306, pi. C6-70, Leipzig, 1898. 



The Anatomical Atlas of Tschirch and 

 Osterle has now reached number four- 

 teen. The present number deals with Flor 

 lavendulae Rhiz. rhei chinensis and 

 europaei. Folia aurantii, Flor. aurantil, 

 Fruct, aurantii immatur, Cort. fruct 

 aurantii. The present number gives a 

 most excellent account of the anatomical 

 details of the flowers of Lavendula offi- 

 cinalis. The detail drawings of Rheum 

 palmatum and R. officinale are excellent- 

 ly executed and described. In Citrus vul- 

 garis, the Schizolysigenetic glands are 

 described, as well as other parts of the 

 vival. The development of the ovule is 

 given, as well as the polyembryony. The 

 anatropous ovule contains two integu- 



ments; the outer consists of two rows of 

 cells, except the apical region where there 

 are more; the inner of four. The outer 

 wall thickens quite early in its develop- 

 ment. The epidermal cells are elongated 

 in a palisade-like manner. The inner 

 integument never contains any starch; it 

 is almost entirely absorbed, except the 

 inner epidermis, which remains as a 

 brown sheath ("braune haut"). The 

 nucleus is mostly obliterated except a few 

 rows of thick-walled layers of cells. The 

 ripe seed consists of several embryos, 

 maximum number six, of which three are 

 capable of germination. The embryos of 

 Citrus do not all originate in the embry- 

 osac, but only one is the product of the 

 egg cell. " The others are the so-called 

 nuclelar embryos, which finally become 

 detached from the wall of the nucleus. 

 L. H. Pammel. 



Kocli, Alfred. Jahresbericht uber die Fort- 

 schritte in der Lehre von den Gahrungs-organ- 

 isms, 189.=). Brannsdeweig, 6: 352, 1898. 



Alfred Koch's Yearbook on the Organ- 

 isms of Fermentation has now reached, 

 its sixth year. Six hundred and 

 nine papers are reviewed under the 

 following heads: (1) text books, (2) 

 apparatus, (3) morphology of bac- 

 teria and yeasts, (4) general physi- 

 ology of bacteria and yeasts, (5) fermen- 

 tations in particular, the latter alcoholit 

 fermentations, lactic acid, cheese and 

 other fermentations of milk, appropria- 

 tion of free nitrogen, nitrification, (6) fer- 

 ments, the subject of the unorganized 

 ferments; (a) diastase, (b) glukase, malt- 

 ase, (c) invertise, laktase cytase are 

 brought together in an admirable way. 

 The work is most serviceable for work- 

 ers except that it is two and a half years 

 late. 



L. H. Pammel. 



Marliere. Sur la graine et specialement sur I'en- 

 dosperme du ceratonia siliqua. Etude cytolog- 

 ique et chimique, La Cellule, 13 : .5-59, pi. 1-2, 

 1807. 

 Marliere, in a paper of considerable 

 length, has given an account of the 

 development, structure, and chemistry 

 of the Carob, which has been the subject 

 of earlier research work by Schacht and 

 others. The author finds two integu- 

 ments to the testa, especially in the 

 micropylar region. Brandza, who studied 

 the development of a few Leguminosae, 

 maintains that the inner integument is 

 absorbed. This consists of one to three 

 rows of cells followed by remnants of 

 the nucellus. The outer integument of 

 the mature seed consists of the charac- 

 teristic Malplghian cells. The light line 

 is explained on a mechanical theory. 

 There are two rows of osteosclerids 

 simply called sclerids by the writer. 

 One row below the Malplghian layer 

 and one below the nutrient consist- 



