216 



Journal of Applied Microscopy. 



from the basal hemisphere of the basal 

 suspensor cell, while that part of the 

 root-tip which forms the periblem of the 

 radicle arises from the hemisphere lying 

 next to the terminal embryo cells. 



Chrom-acetic acid is recommended for 

 killing and fixing. Aniline safranin alone 

 or with gentian violet and orange G are 

 recommended for staining. Iron-aluni- 

 haematoxylin was useful for bringing 

 out early stages of the embryosac, but 

 was not so good after the endosperm 

 appeared. 



With the exception of a few careless 

 strokes in unimportant parts of figures 

 12, 37, and 39, the illustrations are 

 excellent. C. J. C. 



Spanjer, Otto. Botanische Untersuchungen ueber 

 die Wasserapparate der Gafaesspflanze. Bot. 

 Zeit. 56:35-81, 1898. 



In this paper the author presents the 

 results of extensive investigations in the 

 morphology and physiology of hyda- 

 thodes, a name introduced by Haberlandt 

 to cover all water secreting apparatus in 

 plants, including water stomata, gland- 

 ular hairs, and all epidermal outgrowths 

 with their subepidermal apparatus, com- 

 prising the epithem or modified paren- 

 chyma lying immediately below the 

 external secretory organ, the epithem 

 sheath surrounding and inclosing it and 

 constituting the termination of the con- 

 ducting bundle sheath, and the tracheids 

 terminating the bundles in the laminal 

 teeth. The author finds that the 

 tracheids end, not blindly against the 

 epithem cells, but free in the intercuUular 

 spaces of the epithem cells. He further 

 demonstrates, contrary to the view of 

 Haberlandt, that the epithem cells do not 

 function as water secreting glands, and 

 do not further the extrusion of water 

 from the leaves, but that such extrusion 

 is due wholly to hydrostatic pressure, or, 

 as it is commonly called, "root pressure." 

 He demonstrates the morphological 

 identity of water stomata and air stom- 

 ata, their difference being functional 

 rather than structural. Great variations 

 in the amount and arrangement of the 

 subepidermal hydathode apparatus were 

 found. In view of Koorder's recent 

 account of water secreting glands, in the 

 unopened calyx leaves of certain tropical 

 plants, the problem of water secreting 

 glands as distinguished from water stom- 

 ata, strictly speaking, may be regarded 

 as open for further investigation, and not 

 closed in the negative, as the present 

 author is inclined to think. 



H. F. Roberts. 

 Chicago. 



Jones, Herbert L.. A new species of Pj^renomy- 

 cete parasitic on an alga. Oberlin College Lab. 

 Bull. No. 9, 1898. 

 Pyrenomycetes on algae are almost 



unknown, a Sphaeria-like Pyrenomycete 



on Ascophyllum and a Sphaerella on 

 Laminaria being the only ones described. 

 The following species on Chondrus cris- 

 pus adds a third to the list. 



Sphaerella chondri. n, sp. Perithecia 

 black, sunk in the fronds, separate, or 

 two or three close together. Asci oblong 

 75x80x11-13 yU, spores filling the entire 

 ascus. Spores biseriate, elongated, ellip- 

 tical, uniseptate, hyaline, upper cell more 

 acute, 33-34x5-6//. On Chondrus crispus, 

 Nahant, Mass., November and December. 



This short note was the last piece of 

 botanical work done by the late Professor 

 Jones, whose untimely death is deeply 

 regretted by botanists and mourned by 

 his pupils, who lost not only a teacher 

 but a friend. C. J. C. 



Johnson, D. S. On the development of the leaf 

 and sporocarp in Marsilea quadrifolia. Ann. 

 Bot. 13 : 119-145, 1898. 



The leaf arises from a two-sided apical 

 cell which cuts off segments towards and 

 away from the apex of the stem. Each 

 segment is then divided into five "sec- 

 tions" and an ultimate marginal cell by 

 means of five walls inclined alternately 

 toward the dorsal and vental sides of the 

 leaf. In the pinnae the foi-mation of 

 these walls is continued in certain seg- 

 ments, and rapid division in a direction 

 parallel to the leaf axis gives breadth to 

 the lamina. 



The sporocarp develops from an apical 

 cell arising from a marginal cell of the 

 inner side of a young leaf. In the seven- 

 teen or eighteen segments producing the 

 capsule, the succession of radial anti- 

 clines is such as to bring the ultimate 

 marginal cell nearer to the ventral sur- 

 face. DQring the growth of the capsule 

 each marginal cell produces a series of 

 five rows of cells which become infolded 

 so as to lie in the "soral canals." Of 

 each series of five rows, the middle row 

 produces the macrosporangia, the two 

 flanking rows the microsporangia and the 

 two outer rows a true indusium. The 

 sporangia develop after the Septosporan- 

 giate type. 



The sporocarp is the homologue of a 

 petiole of a sterile leaf, and the capsule 

 is the equivalent of the swollen end of a 

 petiole whose marginal cells form 

 sporangia instead of laminae. 



W. D. Merrell. 



Chicago. 



Kofoid, C. A. Plankton studies. II. On Plaeo- 

 dorina illinoisensis, a new species from ^the 

 plankton of the Illinois river. 



This work adds a second species to the 

 genus Pleodorina discovered by Shaw at 

 Palo Alto, California, in 1893. Kofoid 

 thinks that P. californica, described by 

 Shaw, is probably quite widely distrib- 

 uted, the new species, Pleodorina illinoi- 

 sensis, was found associated with Eudo- 

 rina elegans and Pandorina morum. The 



