and Laboratory Methods. 1629 



GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY. 



RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan. 



Books and Papers for Review should be Sent to Raymond Pearl, Zoological Laboratory, 

 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 



^ , ,^ ^ . ^ „ J /, „. , T^ As is indicated by the title, this mono- 



Onuf (Onufrowicz), B., and Collins, J. Expert- •' 



mental Researches on the Central Localiza- graph contains a very complete SUm- 

 tion of the Sympathetic with a critical Review j^^^^ ^^^ critical review of the work 

 of its Anatomy and Physiology. Arch, of -^ . 



Neurol, and Psychopathol. 3 : xi. and 252, which has been done on the sympathetic 

 pi. 1-9, 1901. nervous system, both from the physio- 



logical and morphological standpoints. Nearly a half of the work is devoted to 

 this discussion of earlier literature, and this portion alone, leaving out of account 

 the authors' positive contributions, will make it very valuable as a reference hand- 

 book. Fifteen chapters are devoted to this digest of the literature, with the fol- 

 lowing grouping : " Part I, The Anatomy of the Sympathetic System, " including 

 in five chapters a very clear and fairly detailed account of the gross anatomy, 

 histology, and embryology of the different parts of the sympathetic system. 

 Text diagrams make plain the different views as to the courses of the fiber tracts. 

 Part II discusses in the same way the " Physiology of the Sympathetic Nervous 

 System," including chapters on " Secretory Functions," " Vascular Functions," 

 " Cardiac Functions," " Respiratory Functions," " Influence upon Involuntary 

 Automatic Movements," " Trophic and Tonic Functions," " Reflex Action of 

 Sympathetic Ganglia," and " The Functional Interrelation of the Sympathetic 

 and Cerebro-Spinal System." 



The authors' original experiments were made on young cats and had as their 

 basis the study, by means of the Marchi, Nissl, and Pal methods, the degenera- 

 tion tracts in the central nervous system (spinal cord and medulla oblongata) 

 after extirpation of different parts of the sympathetic system. Their principal 

 conclusions as to the relation of the fibers of the sympathetic system to the cen- 

 tral nervous system may be summarized as follows : the afferent (sensory) fibers 

 of the sympathetic nerves have their cells of origin in the gangUa and plexuses 

 of the sympathetic system itself and not, as claimed by KoUiker, in the spinal 

 ganglia. These different fibers are connected by their terminal arborizations 

 with the cells of Clarke's column in the spinal cord. The efferent fibers take their 

 origin in the following cell groups in the cord : 1st, the paracentral group ; 2d, 

 the small cells of the lateral horn ; 3d, probably also the cells of the intermediate 

 zone. In the oblongata the vago-glossopharyngeal nucleus gives rise to the 

 visceral efferent fibers of the vagus-glossopharyngeal, while the somatic efferent 

 fibers, i. e., fibers to the striated muscles, arise from the nucleus ambiguus. 



The physiological results bring out very clearly the importance in this kind 

 of work of studying the compensatory or regulatory functions which may develop 

 a considerable time after the removal of parts of the nervous system. It was 

 found in some cases that functions, e. g., sweat secretion, pupil dilation, which 

 disappeared immediately on extirpation of the stellate ganglion, would after some 



