1708 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



glands, and sometimes the ducts for a short distance, are blackened, and appear 

 with great distinctness. c. a. k. 



Kerschbaumer, Fritz. Malaria, ihrWesen.ihre -phe title indicates the scope of "this 

 Entstehung una ihre Verhutung. Pp. vii, '^ 



170. 12 Taf. Wilhelm Braumiiller, Wien paper, which is especially detailed in 

 und Leipzig, 1901. 7 Marks. j^g account of the life history of both 



Cu/ex and Anop/ie/es. The following data concerning the habits of Anopheles 

 daviger at Rovigno on the Adriatic may prove of service to those who wish to 

 make laboratory studies of the mosquito host of the malarial parasite in America. 

 The eggs are usually of a bluish color (yellowish brown by transmitted light), 

 and when first laid are arranged in rows upon the surface of the water with their 

 long axes parallel, or occasionally in radial or astral groups. They soon shift 

 their position on the slightest disturbance to the sides of the aquarium, where 

 they assume a radial position with reference to its center. The maximum num- 

 ber of eggs is about 150, and they are usually laid in the early morning hours. 

 Unlike Cnlex, the female is easily disturbed by artificial light at such times. 

 The larvae usually lie in a horizontal position just below the surface film, and dive 

 to the bottom on the least disturbance. Their swift, darting movements are very 

 different from the wriggling motions of Cnlex larvae. Four moults occur before 

 the pupal stage is reached, and when moulting they lie quietly upon the bottom. 

 They are voracious feeders, attacking even Culex larvae and their own kind. 

 The six stages of growth, egg, four larval, and the pupal, each occupy about an 

 equal part of the period of development, whose rapidity depends in a measure 

 upon the temperature. Below 12°C. development ceases ; at 15° to 20°C. it 

 requires four to five weeks; at 20° to 25°, almost three weeks; and at 25° to 

 33°, eight or nine days. The males do not survive the winter. Fertilized 

 females hibernate in protected crevices about buildings. They emerge and 

 begin to feed early in March. The first generation of larvae appears in April, 

 emerging early in May. No larva are found in May. The second generation 

 of larvae appears early in June and continues through the first week of July. 

 From July 7th to July 25th no larvae were found. Ova for the third generation 

 are laid from July 26th to August 20th, though larvae continue until September 

 1st. The fourth generation lasts from the middle of September until the middle 

 of October, reaching a maximum toward the close of the former month. With 

 an average of 150 ova and an equal number of the two sexes, a single hibernated 

 female would leave over 31,000,000 offspring in the fourth brood. The breed- 

 ing places are quiet, shallow waters, such as pools and puddles. c. a. k. 



The snails should be killed in boiling 

 Diedericbs, K. Radula-Priiparate. Zeitsch f. ^ , , , 



ang.Mik.7: 29-30, Taf. i, 190 1. water, and when large specimens are 



used the foot and viscera should be 

 removed. The remainder of the body is then boiled in caustic potash until 

 thoroughly softened, when the radula and jaws may be removed by washing. 

 The boiling should be repeated in dilute caustic potash until all adherent matter 

 is removed. In small snails the organ is delicate and care must be taken in the 

 boiling and isolation. Unstained radulae may be mounted in isinglass or glycerin 

 jelly. Mounts in balsam must be stained, preferably in picro-carmin of Ranvier 



