1762 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



CYTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, 



AND 



MICROSCOPICAL METHODS. 



AGNES M. CLAYPOLE, Throop Polytechnic Institute. 

 Separates of Papers and Books on Animal Biology should be sent for Review to Agnes M. Claypole, 



55 S. Marengo Avenue, Pasadena, Cal. 



Cade, A. Etude de la constitution histologique Studies were carried out on the dog, 

 normale et de quelques variations fonction- ^^^ j.^j^ mouse, hedgehog, and mar- 

 nelles et experimentales des elements secre- . f , ^ • 



teurs des glandes gastriques du fond chez mot. Animals were m a definite phy- 

 les mammiferes. Arch. d'Anat. Microsc. I : siological condition either of rest or 

 1-86, 2 pits., 1901. .7 , . , ^ . 



activity, or else in a definite experi- 

 mental state after the use of pilocarpin or section of the vagus, etc. They were 

 in most cases killed with chloroform, the tissues immediately removed, or else 

 taken during chloroform narcosis. Alcohol preservation caused shrinkage. 

 Miiller's fluid, with paraffin embedding, was followed by great changes. Tel- 

 lejesniczki's bichromate of potash and acetic acid was useless. Aqueous 10 per 

 cent formol, or formol in artificial serum was better. Lenhossek's mixture (sat. 

 aqu. sublim. sol. 75 vol., absol. alcoh. 25 vol., acet. acid 5 vol.) proved better 

 than simple aceto-sublimate. Bouin's formol-picro-acetic was most satisfactory. 

 The stomach was taken out, opened, washed quickly in normal salt solution, 

 and small pieces of the mucosa only, removed and put in the fixation fluid for 

 6 to 8 hours. Then they are passed from 60 to 90 per cent, alcohols, 24 hours 

 in each, and embedded in paraffin, remaining in the oven half an hour. Sections 

 are cut 10-3.3 jj. in thickness and stained with hemalum and eosin, alcoholic 

 solution, or rarely in aqueous solution. Also in hematoxylin-eosin-glycerin 

 of Renaut; hemalum and bismark brown (aqueous 1 per cent.), iron-hema- 

 toxylin, rubin S. thionin, toluidin blue, bordeaux red, victoria blue (1 per cent, 

 aqueous), which in much decolorized specimens is selective for granules. The 

 different carmines, alum, borax, lithium, worked very slowly. Mucicarmine 

 (Mayer) gave interesting preparations, used either alone or with eosin instead 

 of hemalum. The double stain of hematein and safranin proved very 

 important. a. m. c. 



Kolster, R. Paraffineinbettung im luftleeren Every pathologist and histologist has 

 Raume. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Mikros. u. f. mi- ^q consider the possible artefacts 

 kros. Tech. 18: 70-173, 1901. . . . . 



present in tissues due to imperfections 



of method. The displacement or absence of nuclei in certain cells, scratches 

 from the knife and other changes have to be recognized. The trial of different 

 grades of paraffin is often necessary, but with only a small amount of material 

 this is impracticable. Concentration of the paraffin by prolonged boiling gives 

 a good result ; all water is removed and the paraffin assumes a gold-brown color, 

 becoming harder and firmer with only a very slight change in melting point. 

 This method gave very satisfactory results and obviates much of the trouble 



