and Laboratory Methods. 1861 



CURRENT ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 



CHARLES A. KOFOID, University of California. 



Books and Separates of Papers on Zoological Subjects should be Sent for Review to Charles A. 

 Kofoid, University of California, Berkeley, California. 



Nickerson, W. S. On Loxosoma davenporti This interesting bryozoan, the first of 

 sp. nov. Journ. Morph. 17 : 351-38°. pls- 32, the genus from American waters, occurs 

 33, 1901. ° ... 



only in association with the annehd 



Clymene prodiuta. There are a large number of tentacles with unicellular suck- 

 ers which serve for attachment in the absence of a foot gland. Ephemeral se- 

 cretory structures, so-called "flask organs," are present, and in females with 

 embryos an organ for nourishment is found on the floor of the atrium. The 

 developing embryos are attached to this mammary organ and receive nutriment 

 from it. Proterogynic hermaphroditism occurs, ova and later spermatozoa devel- 

 oping in the same gonad. There are no flame cells in the excretory organs, which 

 consist of large vacuolated cells with ducts to the exterior. 



No stupefying agent was found for Loxosoma, which is exceedingly sensitive. 

 Material in extended condition was secured by the use of hot fixing agents such 

 as hot HgClo or HgClj-formaldehyde mixture. Cytological material was 

 fixed in Hermann's or Flemming's fluid. Iron haematoxylin gave the best results 

 in staining. c. A. k. 



Ayers, H. and Jackson, C. M. Morphology of the These papers are based upon a study 



Myxinoidea. I Skeleton and Musculature. ^f Bdellostoma and the authors' COn- 

 Journ. Morph. 17 : 185-226, pis. 22, 23, igoi. 



I. Skeleton and Musculature (continued), clusions lead to a revision of the gener- 



Remarks on Homologies. Bull. Univ. of ^^ accepted relationship of the SO- 



Cincinnati. Series II, 1 : 1-15, pis. i, 2, 1901. ^ '^ 



called Cyclostomes to the vertebrate 



phyllum. The so-called tongue is in reality a transformed jaw apparatus, a 

 detached lower jaw. The Marsipobranchii are thus true Gnathostomes, forming a 

 primitive group which probably sprang from the common ancestry before the 

 acquisition of paired appendages by the vertebrate type. The cranium in Bdel- 

 lostoma retains its primitive condition, but the visceral skeleton is highly modi- 

 fied, the hyoid, first and second visceral arches are plainly represented and traces 

 of others can be found. Material was killed and hardened in 10 per cent, for- 

 malin and preserved in a mixture of 95 per cent, alcohol, 6 parts ; 2 per cent, 

 formalin, 4 parts. Cartilaginous structures are well preserved, taking a pinkish 

 tinge, affording excellent differentiation not present in alcoholic material. Non- 

 cartilaginous connective tissue may take the same tinge. c. a. x. 



Buchs, G. UeberdenUrsprungdesKopfske- Embryos were fixed in Zenker's fluid 

 letes bei Necturus. Morph. Jahrb. 29 : 582- after Stohr's method, and stained on 

 613. Taf. 26-28, 1902. ^j^g gjj^g ^^^jj.j^ borax-carmine and coun- 



ter stained with hsemalum and eosin. Sublimate-acetic (5 per cent.), followed by 

 haemalum and eosin, was also used. The author's results do not support the 

 view advanced by Miss Piatt, that the ectoderm shares in the origin of the visceral 



