1894 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



and centrifuge for three minutes or until the supernatant fluid is perfectly clear. 

 The reading is made direct from the tube, each -^ c. c. of albumin in the tube 

 meaning 1 per cent, bulk measured in the urine. When the percentage of albu- 

 min is high the urine should be diluted with an equal portion of water and the 

 result multiplied by two. This method throws out and measures all the albumin 

 and practically nothing else. 



Albumin is found in the urine in acute diseases of the kidney, and in itself is 

 not serious as it disappears upon recovery of the organ. 



Chronic, persistent albuminuria when associated with epithelial casts in the 

 urine means chronic Bright's disease. It is a serious symptom when persistent 

 in the urine. If associated with high specific gravity 1024 to 1030, it is proba- 

 bly functional. 



SUGAR. 



Glycosuria may occur during the course of many acute disorders or result 

 from various lesions, especially of the nervous system, but when pronounced and 

 persistent it should be considered a case of diabetis mellitus, indicative of grave 

 defects in the brain, liver or pancreas. 



In testing for sugar in the ufine, prepare Fehling's solution as follows : 



Copper solution : 



Copper sulphate, crystallized . . . 34.64 grams. 



Distilled water 500 c. c. 



Mix and dissolve. 



Alkaline solution : 



Tartrate of potassium and sodium - - 173 grams. 



Potassium hydrate - - - - - 125 grams. 



Distilled water 500 c. c. 



Mix and dissolve. 



The copper and alkaline solutions should be kept separately in bottles well 

 stoppered with rubber corks. 



Put one c. c, of the copper solution in a clean test tube, 

 one c. c. of water, 

 one c. c. of the alkaline solution, 

 one c. c. of water. 



Shake and boil. The solution should remain clear. Add 1 c. c. of urine and 

 boil gently. If the mixture turns a dirty greenish color as soon as it boils there 

 is present about 1 per cent, of sugar. If the solution remains transparent 

 throughout, or nearly so with no change except a change in the blue color, it may 

 be considered free from sugar, but if it changes to a greenish hue after half an 

 hour, about -^ per cent, of sugar is present. 



The quantitative estimation of sugar is readily effected by means of jEinhorn's 

 saccharometer. William H. Knap. 



Harvey Medical College. 



