2002 



Journal of Applied Microscopy 



ELEMENTARY MEDICAL MICRO-TECHNIQUE. 



For Physicians and Others Interested in the Microscope. 



Copyrighted. 



IX. ABNORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE URINE— Continued. 



ANATOMICAL SEDIMENTS. 



Blood. Corpuscles in the urine present various appearances due to the 

 action of the urine. In general they appear in small round discs requiring a 

 one-sixth inch objective to recognize them. Some appear crenated with spinous 

 projections, others as barely visible discs having lost their haemaglobin. Urine 

 containing blood is usually cloudy and varies from a dark red in acid urine to a 

 bright red in alkaline urine to merely traces of color, depending upon the quan- 

 tity present. Ha;maturia occurs in acute and chronic Bright's disease, nephritis, 

 in calculus, and in malignant growths. Haemorrhage from the bladder occurs in 



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Fig. XIV.— Stiphylococcus of Pus. Stained with Loeff- 

 ler's alkaline methylen blue. Magnified 1200 diam- 

 eters ; 15 oil immersion objective ; Zeiss projection 

 ocular No. 4. 



Fig. XV. — Strepticoccus of Pus. Stain, methyl violet. 

 Magnified 1800 diameters ; ^'j oil immersion ob- 

 jective ; Zeiss projection ocular No. 4. 



Stone of the bladder, in cystitis, and in malignant growth. When haematuria is 

 of urethral origin, the haemorrhage precedes the flow of urine. 



Pus is the most common of all of the anatomical elements. It is present in 

 the simplest cases and in the most malignant. Pyuria is a constant symptom of 

 acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, etc. The pus cell is rounded 

 and a little larger than the blood corpuscle. Add a little acetic acid to the 

 sample, which will render visible the nuclei of pus corpuscles and differentiate 

 them from blood. 



Epithelium occurs in all urine and ordinarily has but little clinical signifi- 

 cance. Epithelial scales from the bladder consist of flattened squamous cells, 

 the deeper cells being of the transitional variety. Epithelium from the kidney 

 may be columnar or irregular in form. 



