and Laboratory Methods. 2027 



NaCl 3 grams, agar 1 gram, seventeen different kinds of bacteria, including 

 Microspira comma, B. anthracis, B. typhosus, and B. coli, grew more slowly than 

 on the standard media. Chromogenic bacteria, as B. pyocyanous and M. pyo- 

 genes citreus, however, failed to produce pigment. On medium (B), made of 

 water 100 grams, peptone 6 grams, NaCl 2 grams, MgSO^ 3 grams, K HPO 

 0.5 grams, agar 2 grams, fifteen varieties grew quickly with the production of 

 pigment and, in one case, of phosphorescence. 



Then the peptone was replaced by a non-albumenous compound such as 

 ammonium salts or asparagin. On medium (C), containing water 100 grams, 

 glycerin 50 grams, (NH) PO 10 grams, Na HPO 1 gram, MgS04 0.2 grams, 

 agar 1 gram, nineteen varieties grew rather slowly. On medium (D), consisting 

 of water 100 grams, asparagin 1 gram, NaCl 0.5 gram, MgS04 0.3 gram, agar 1 

 gram, nine varieties grew with no formation of pigment. On medium (E), con- 

 sisting of water 100 grams, asparagin 1 gram, Na PO 0.1 gram, NaCl 0.2 gram, 

 agar 1 gram, twenty different kinds of bacteria, mostly pathogenic, grew as 

 quickly as on the standard media. 



Further experiments are now being carried on, and, in view of the fact that so 

 many bacteria can grow on this non-albumenous medium, it it probable that 

 some combination of simple chemicals can be found that will replace the 

 ordinary meat-infusion. 



A medium consisting of such compounds, qualitatively and quantitatively 

 known, would be of great value in the study of bacterial metabolism, h. w. c. 



Arloing, M. The Innoculability of Human After referring to the opinion that 

 Tuberculosis and Robert Koch's Ideas con- Robert Koch expressed at the Congress 

 cerning Human and Animal Tuberculosis. gf London, and the principles laid down 

 Bulletm of the Academy of Medicme, session i ^i • i- !• • i j i~. i^ . • i 



of Dec. 24, IQ02. °y ^"-^^ distmguished German bacteriol- 



ogist, and upon which he based his 

 assertion of the difference between human and bovine tuberculosis, the author 

 gives to the academy an account of his experiments, and the conclusions he has 

 drawn from them. Koch has established numerous differences between human 

 tuberculosis and that of cattle ; these differences are admitted by all bacteriol- 

 ogists ; but he falsely makes the assertion that human tuberculosis is entirely 

 different from that of ruminating animals. According to Koch, 1st, animals of the 

 bovine, ovine, and porcine species cannot be innoculated with the human bacil- 

 lus, while the bacillus of bovine tuberculosis easily infects these animals ; 2d, 

 the bovine bacilli do not produce tuberculosis in human beings. 



We print herewith a short resume of the numerous experiments by which 

 Arloing refutes these statements. The author has succeeded in infecting bovine, 

 ovine, and porcine animals with the bacilli of human tuberculosis. The bacilli 

 used were grown from human lesions, and had passed once or twice through 

 the guinea pig. The innoculation was made into a vein, for Koch had declared 

 that the results were identical whatever the method employed. Thus, Arloing 

 has succeeded in infecting a calf, a bull, a heifer, a sheep, and a horse. Of 

 these animals some succumbed, others stood the infection moderately well ; but 

 in all cases there were found lesions, pulmonary, ganglionic, hepatic, splenic, 

 renal, etc., in fact a general condition of tuberculosis. 



The negative facts found by Koch and other authors depend upon the method 

 of innoculation, the dose, and the virulence of the tubercular culture used. 

 Arloing has shown, in fact, that the tubercular bacillus presents considerable 

 variations in its virulence, and that this same virulence may be modified by cul- 

 tivating the virus under certain conditions. 



The identity of tuberculosis ought to be maintained, and it is still necessary 

 to take precautions with regard to the milk and flesh of tubercular animals. The 

 experiments of Arloing lead to the same conclusions as do those of Nocard. 

 Translated by Eleanor L. Lattimore. A. GiRAULD. 



