268 NEW FUBLICATIONS, 



mic botany, obtained a plant of CJuiichona Calisaya, grown from seed 

 brought home by Weddell. This plant arrived in Java in April, in 

 1852, but died in the Buitenzorg Gardens, not before, however, M. 

 Teysmann had taken a cutting, now a full-grown tree at Tjiboddas, 

 and the parent of a numerous progeny. 



The scheme of direct introduction from South America met with a 

 powerful advocate in M. Pahud, the Minister of State for Holland, 

 and who, in 1852, sent out M. Justus Charles Hasskarl, a botanist 

 who had been some time in Java, but was unacquainted with South 

 America, to collect plants and seeds of the valuable species. Hasskarl 

 landed at Callao, in Peru, in December, 1852, and set out in the search 

 of the ChincJiona forests. Unfortunately, however, through not knowing 

 the distribution of these trees accurately, he stumbled upon a district 

 lying between the " Grey Bark " and " Calisaya B;irk " regions, which 

 contained no valuable species. The bulk of his collection consisted of 

 what was supposed to be CJiincJiona ovata, Weddell, but which now is 

 known by Howard's name of G. Pahndiana. After undergoing num- 

 berless hardships, and overcoming great obstacles, Hasskarl arrived in 

 Java in December, 1854, with some live plants and seeds, and, 

 together with M. Teysmann, undertook their cultivation. Misled by 

 the large size of the trees of Liquidambar Altingiana at Tjiboddas, they 

 selected this place for the scene of their operations, but unfortunately 

 the ground was part of a volcanic range traversing Java from east to 

 west, having an altitude of 4-100 feet, but only about six inches of soil. 

 The plants languished here till 1855, being exposed to the full blaze 

 of the sun, in a thin soil, and attacked by Fungi from the dead and 

 rotting roots of felled Storax-trees. Great numbers died. In June, 

 1856, Hasskarl was relieved from his duties by M." Pahud, then Go- 

 vernor-General of Netherland Indies, and was succeeded by Junghuhn, 

 with Avhom were associated Dr. J. E. de Vrij, a chemist of eminence, 

 and eight overseers. Dr. Hasskarl has been much blamed for the com- 

 parative ill success of his labours in Java, but in undertakings of such 

 difficulty as this, success is oftentimes achieved only at the expense of 

 repeated failures. The British Government had the advantage, in the 

 persons of Mr. Markham and Dr. Spruce, of the services of two travellers 

 to whom the country and its people were well known. M. Gorkom 

 bears testimony to the patience and zeal of Hasskarl ; he is even of 

 opinion that if the principles laid down by Hasskarl and Teysmann 



