NEW rUBLICATIONS. 269 



had been continued by Junghuhn, the cultivation in Java woukl by 

 this time have proved remunerative. On taking charge of the cultiva- 

 tion, Junghuhn found only about seventy plants of any value. He 

 moved the plantation to the Malawar Mountains, and in 1857 C. Ga- 

 lisaya and C. PahucUana blossomed, both producing fruit the year 

 following. 



At present there are cultivated in Java G. Calisaya and C. succirubra, 

 from seed collected by Hasskarl, but for the most part from plants 

 and seeds given by the Indian Government ; also G. micrantha and 

 C. Condaminea from the same source, and C. lancifolla and C. Pahu- 

 diana, collected by Hasskarl. The cultivation of the latter is no 

 longer particularly attended to, it being generally agreed to be of 

 little or no value. There are besides these several varieties of C. 

 Calisaya, G- siiccimhra, and C. Gondaminea. The elevation found to 

 answer best in Java is 1600 metres (5250 feet), at a temperature of 

 17° C. (62° F.). M. Gorkoni thinks forest land is the best for pur- 

 poses of cultivation, avoiding steep declivities on the one hand, and 

 too extensive plains on the other. If planted in the dense shade of 

 the forest, the trees form no bark of any thickness, and from the excess 

 of moisture prematurely die. In the full blaze of the sun they become 

 shrub-like, and thereby forming, as a rule, no good stems. M. Gor- 

 kora advocates slight shade during at least the first eighteen months ; 

 this he provides by planting trees which can be removed as thought 

 necessary, and by light Bamboo baskets made so as to cover the 

 plants, thus shielding them from the solar heat, though not intercepting 

 rain. He does not favour Mr. M'lvor's system of " mossing " the 

 bark, that is, of partial decortication, being of opinion that such a 

 delicate operation could not be entrusted to natives without a certainty 

 of injury resulting therefrom. He sees no cause why any discourage- 

 ment should be felt because great results are not yet apparent, but 

 that courage should be derived " from the certainty that we are on the 

 right path, and indulge in the well-founded hope that the persevering 

 efforts of various succeeding Governments — efforts which have aroused 

 a sympathetic feeling in the educated world in general, and amongst 

 scientific men in particular — will end in a glorious success." 



On the whole this pamphlet, Avhich has more of a practical than 

 scientific character, is chielly intended for those who contemplate 

 Chinchona cultivation. The author's original wish was to compile a 



