H. C. Efflatoun 207 



PUPA. 



About one-tenth inch in length: dark yellowish-brown and slightly 

 hairy. There are fourteen black spines on the dorsum of the cephalic 

 region, each spine arising from a dark papilla, and eight smaller spines on 

 the thoracic region. 



The abdominal region has seven distinct segments, the first six of 



which carry a pair of large, black and shiny tubercles, a pair of small 



spines in the centre, and another pair of slightly larger spines on the 



sides. The lateral spines on the sixth segment are stouter and larger than 



the others. The antennae, instead of curling down between the legs, on 



the ventral side, extend outwardly and are curved round the back of the 



legs. 



BIAGO. 



Length, one-ninth to one-seventh inch. The colour varies slightly 

 from dull yellow to pale brownish. The head has a broad black stripe 

 across it and the head itself is yellow. The third joint of the antennae is 

 longer in proportion than the second. The thorax has a small, more or 

 less round depression on each side and is yellowish in colour with a dark 

 furrow in the centre. The tubercles on the forehead are distinct and 

 shiny. The punctures of the elytra are not deep but present a granulated 

 and shiny appearance. The suture and margin of the elytra are yellow 

 and the shoulders are dark. The S has the fifth segment (ventral) of the 

 abdomen slightly impressed at the apex, the same segment being almost 

 entire in the $. The legs are pale; the antennae yellowish and dark at 

 the apex. " The series in the British Museum shows some variation with 

 regard to markings "(i) and "occasionally the elytra are marked with a 

 more or less dark band "(2). 



NATURE OF DAMAGE. 



Both the larva and the imago damage the leaves of strawberries in 

 exactly the same way. They eat the lower and upper epidermis and the 

 soft underlying tissue, leaving the opposite layer of epidermis intact. 

 The leaves then present a curious and characteristic spotted appearance. 

 If the leaves are left exposed to weathering conditions they may then 

 present a different appearance; they will appear as if regular holes had 

 been eaten out of them and thus errors may arise when trying to identify 

 the insect related to the damage. 



The larvae from which the adults were bred were fully mature so that 

 no observations were made as regards their habits, moults, etc. ; pupation 



